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CyberShake Study 22.12

2026-10-13T15:02:55Z

Scottcal: /* Workflow invocation */

CyberShake Study 22.12 is a study in Southern California which includes deterministic low-frequency (0-1 Hz) and stochastic high-frequency (1-50 Hz) simulations. We used the [[Rupture_Variation_Generator_v5.5.2|Graves & Pitarka (2022)]] rupture generator and the high frequency modules from the SCEC Broadband Platform v22.4.

== Status ==

This study is complete. We are currently performing analysis of the results.

== Data Products ==

=== Low-frequency ===

*[https://opensha.usc.edu/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_22_12_lf/hazard_maps/ Low-frequency hazard maps, including comparisons to Study 15.4]

==== Change from Study 15.4 ====

Here's a table with the overall averaged differences between Study 15.4 and 22.12 at 2% in 50 years.

Negative difference and ratios less than 1 indicate smaller Study 22.12 results.

{| border="1" cellpadding="5"
! Period !! Difference (22.12-15.4) !! Ratio (22.12/15.4)
|-
! 2 sec
| 0.0445 g
| 1.162
|-
! 3 sec
| -0.00883 g
| 0.988
|-
! 5 sec
| -0.0200 g
| 0.0901
|-
! 10 sec
| -0.00846
| 0.882
|}

=== Broadband ===

*[https://opensha.usc.edu/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_22_12_hf/hazard_maps/ Broadband hazard maps, including comparisons to Study 15.12]

== Science Goals ==

The science goals for this study are:

*Calculate a regional CyberShake model for southern California using an updated rupture generator.
*Calculate an updated broadband CyberShake model.
*Sample variability in rupture velocity as part of the rupture generator.
*Increase hypocentral density, from 4.5 km to 4 km.

== Technical Goals ==

The technical goals for this study are:

*Use an optimized OpenMP version of the post-processing code.
*Bundle the SGT and post-processing jobs to run on large Condor glide-ins, taking advantage of queue policies favoring large jobs.
*Perform the largest CyberShake study to date.

== Sites ==

We will use the standard 335 southern California sites (same as Study 21.12). The order of execution will be:

*Stress test sites ([[Media:Study_22_12_stress_test_sites_names.kml|site list here]])
*Sites of interest
*20 km grid
*10 km grid
*Selected 5 km grid sites

{|
| [[File:Study_22.10_site_map.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

*[[:Media:Study_22.10_sites.csv|CSV site list]]
*[[Media:Study_22.10_sites_names.kml|KML site list with names]]
*[[Media:Study_22.10_sites_no_names.kml|KML site list without names]]

== Velocity Model ==

Summary: We are using a velocity model which is a combination of CVM-S4.26.M01 and the Ely-Jordan GTL:
<ul>
<li>At each mesh point in the top 700m, we calculate the Vs value from CVM-S4.26.M01, and from the Ely-Jordan GTL using a taper down to 700m.</li>
<li>We select the approach which produces the smallest Vs value, and we use the Vp, Vs, and rho from that approach.</li>
<li>We also preserve the Vp/Vs ratio, so if the Vs minimum of 500 m/s is applied, Vp will be scaled so the Vp/Vs ratio is the same.</li>
</ul>


We are planning to use CVM-S4.26 with a GTL applied, and the CVM-S4 1D background model outside of the region boundaries.

We are investigating applying the Ely-Jordan GTL down to 700 m instead of the default of 350m. We extracted profiles for a series of southern California CyberShake sites, with no GTL, a GTL applied down to 350m, and a GTL applied down to 700m.

=== Velocity Profiles ===

Corners of the Simulation region are:

<pre>
-119.38,34.13
-118.75,35.08
-116.85,34.19
-117.5,33.25
</pre>

Sites (the CVM-S4.26 basins are outlined in red):

{|
| [[File:GTL_profile_sites.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

These are for sites outside of the CVM-S4.26 basins:

{|
! Site !! No GTL !! 700m GTL !! Smaller value, extracted from mesh !! 3 sec comparison curve Study 15.4 w/no taper and v3.3.1, Study 22.12 w/taper and v5.5.2
|-
! LAPD
| [[File:cvmsi_default_LAPD.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_LAPD.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LAPD_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LAPD_3875_v_9538_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-

! s764
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s764.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s764.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s764_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s764_4248_v_9530_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! s568
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s568.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s568.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s568_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s568_4148_v_9489_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! s035
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s035.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s035.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s035_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s035_3981_v_9601_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-

! PERR
| [[File:cvmsi_default_PERR.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_PERR.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PERR_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PERR_3951_v_9330_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! MRVY
| [[File:cvmsi_default_MRVY.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_MRVY.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MRVY_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MRVY_3920_v_9565_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! s211
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s211.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s211.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s211_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s211_4033_v_9435_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-

|}

These are for sites inside of the CVM-S4.26 basins:

{|
! Site !! No GTL !! 700m GTL !! Smaller value !! 3 sec comparison curve Study 15.4 w/no taper and v3.3.1, Study 22.12 w/taper and v5.5.2
|-
! s117
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s117.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s117.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s117_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s117_4004_v_9415_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:cvmsi_default_USC.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_USC.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_3970_v_9306_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:cvmsi_default_WNGC.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_WNGC.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_3861_v_9314_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! PEDL
| [[File:cvmsi_default_PEDL.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_PEDL.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PEDL_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PEDL_3950_v_9336_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! SBSM
| [[File:cvmsi_default_SBSM.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_SBSM.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SBSM_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SBSM_3880_v_9320_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! SVD
| [[File:cvmsi_default_SVD.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_SVD.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SVD_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SVD_4225_v_9647_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
|}

=== Merged Taper Algorithm ===

Our algorithm for generating the velocity model, which we are calling the 'merged taper', is as follows:

#Set the surface mesh point to a depth of 25m.
#Query the CVM-S4.26.M01 model ('cvmsi' string in UCVM) for each grid point.
#Calculate the Ely taper at that point using 700m as the transition depth. Note that the Ely taper uses the Thompson Vs30 values in constraining the taper near the surface.
#Compare the values before and after the taper modification; at each grid point down to the transition depth, use the value from the method with the lower Vs value.
#Check values for Vp/Vs ratio, minimum Vs, Inf/NaNs, etc.

=== Value constraints ===

We impose the following constraints (in this order) on velocity mesh values. The ones in bold are new for Study 22.12.

#Vs >= 500 m/s. If lower, Calculate the Vp/Vs ratio. Set Vs=500, and Vp=Vs*(Vp/Vs ratio) [which in this case is Vp=500*(Vp/Vs ratio)].
#Vp >= 1700 m/s. If lower, Vp is set to 1700.
#rho = 1700 km/m3. If lower, rho is set to 1700.
#Vp/Vs >= 1.45. If not, Vs is set to Vp/1.45.

=== Cross-sections ===

Below are cross-sections of the TEST site velocity model at depths down to 600m for CVM-S4.26.M01, the taper to 700m, the lesser of the two values, and the % difference.

Note that the top two slices use a different color scale.

{|
! Depth !! CVM-S4.26.M01 !! Ely taper to 700m !! Selecting smaller value !! % difference, smaller value vs S4.26.M01
|-
! 0m (queried at 25m depth)
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z0.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z0.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z0.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z0.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 100m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z1.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z1.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z1.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z1.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 200m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z2.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z2.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z2.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z2.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 300m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z3.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z3.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z3.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z3.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 400m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z4.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z4.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z4.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z4.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 500m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z5.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z5.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z5.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z5.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 600m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z6.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z6.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z6.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z6.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

=== Implementation details ===

To support the Ely taper approach where the smaller value is selected, the following algorithmic changes were made to the CyberShake mesh generation code. Since the UCVM C API doesn't support removing models, we couldn't just add the 'elygtl' model - it would then be included in every query, and we need to run queries with and without it to make the comparison. We also must include the Ely interpolator, since all that querying the elygtl model does is populates the gtl part of the properties with the Vs30 value, and it's the interpolator which takes this and the crustal model info and generates the taper.

*The decomposition is done by either X-parallel or Y-parallel stripes, which have a constant depth. Check the depth to see if it is shallower than the transition depth.
*If so, initialize the elygtl model using ucvm_elygtl_model_init(), if uninitialized. Set the id to UCVM_MAX_MODELS-1. There's no way to get model id info from UCVM, so we use UCVM_MAX_MODELS-1 as it is 29, we are very unlikely to load 29 models, and therefore unlikely to have an id conflict.
*Change the depth value of the points to query to the transition depth. This is because we need to know the crustal model Vs value at the transition depth, so that the Ely interpolator can match it.
*Query the crustal model again, with the modified depths.
*Modify the 'domain' parameter in the properties data structure to UCVM_DOMAIN_INTERP, to indicate that we will be using an interpolator.
*Change the depth value of the points to query back to the correct depth, so that the interpolator can work correctly on them.
*Query the elygtl using ucvm_elygtl_model_query() and the correct depth.
*Call the interpolator for each point independently, using the correct depth.
*For each point, choose to use either the original crustal data or the Ely taper data, depending on which has the lower Vs.

In the future we plan for this approach to be implemented in UCVM, and we can simplify the CyberShake query code.

=== Impact on hazard ===

Below are hazard curves calculated with the old approach, and with the implementation described above, for WNGC.

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_10sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_5sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_3sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_2sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
|}

These are scatterplots for the above WNGC curves.

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
|}

=== Velocity Model Info ===

For Study 22.12, we track and use a number of velocity model-related parameters, in the database and as input to the broadband codes. Below we track where values come from and how they are used.

==== Broadband codes ====

*The code that is used to calculate high-frequency seismograms takes three parameters: vs30, vref, and vpga. vref and vpga are 500 m/s. Vs30 comes from the 'Target_Vs30' parameter in the database, which itself comes from the Thompson et al. (2020) model.
*The low-frequency site response code also has three parameters: vs30, vref, and vpga. Vs30 also comes from the 'Target_Vs30' parameter in the database, which itself comes from the Thompson (2020) model. Vref is calculated as ('Model_Vs30' database parameter) * (VsD500)/(Vs500). Vpga is 500.0.
**Model_Vs30 is calculated using a slowness average of the top 30 m from UCVM.
**VsD500 is the slowness average of the grid points at the surface, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, and 500m depth. Note that for this study, the surface grid point is populated by querying UCVM at a depth of 25m.
**Vs500 is the slowness average of the top 500m from UCVM.

==== Database values ====

The following values related to velocity structure are tracked in the database:

*Model_Vs30: This Vs30 value is calculated by taking a slowness average at 1-meter increments from [0.5, 29.5] and querying UCVM, with the merged taper applied. This value is populated in low-frequency runs, and copied over to the corresponding broadband run.
*Mesh_Vsitop_ID: This identifies what algorithm was used to populate the surface grid point. For Study 22.12, we query the model at a depth of (grid spacing/4), or 25m.
*Mesh_Vsitop: The value of the surface grid point at the site, populated using the algorithm specified in Mesh_Vsitop_ID.
*Minimum_Vs: Minimum Vs value used in generating the mesh. For Study 22.12, this is 500 m/s.
*Wills_Vs30: Wills Vs30 value. Currently this parameter is unpopulated.
*Z1_0: Z1.0 value. This is calculated by querying UCVM with the merged taper at 10m increments. If there is more than one crossing of 1000 m/s, we select the second crossing. If there is only 1 crossing, we use that.
*Z2_5: Z2.5 value. This is calculated by querying UCVM with the merged taper at 10m increments. If there is more than one crossing of 2500 m/s, we select the second crossing. If there is only 1 crossing, we use that.
*Vref_eff_ID: This identifies the algorithm used to calculate the effective vref value used in the low-frequency site response. For Study 22.12, it is Model_Vs30 * VsD500/Vs500.
*Vref_eff: This is the value obtained when following the algorithm identified in Vref_eff_ID
*Vs30_Source: Source of the Target_Vs30 value. For Study 22.12, this is Thompson et al. (2020)
*Target_Vs30: This is the value used for Vs30 when performing site response. It's populated using the source in Vs30_Source.

== Rupture Generator ==

Summary: We are using the Graves & Pitarka generator v5.5.2, the same version as used in the BBP v22.4, for Study 22.12.

=== Initial Findings ===

In determining what rupture generator to use for this study, we performed tests with WNGC, USC, PAS, and STNI, and compared hazard curves generated with v5.4.2 to those from Study 15.4:

{|
! Site !! 10 sec !! 5 sec !! 3 sec !! 2 sec
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_run8685_v_3861_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8685_v_3861_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8685_v_3861_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8685_v_3861_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:USC_run8691_v_3970_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_run8691_v_3970_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_run8691_v_3970_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_run8691_v_3970_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PAS
| [[File:PAS_run8687_v_3878_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_run8687_v_3878_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_run8687_v_3878_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_run8687_v_3878_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! STNI
| [[File:STNI_run8689_v_3873_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_run8689_v_3873_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_run8689_v_3873_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_run8689_v_3873_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

Digging in further, it appears the elevated hazard curves for WNGC at 2 and 3 seconds are predominately due to large-magnitude southern San Andreas events producing larger ground motions.

{|
| [[File:WNGC_8686_v_4293_scatter_colorbymag_3sec.png|thumb|600px|Scatter plot comparing the mean 3sec RotD50 for each rupture, between v3.3.1 and v5.4.2]]
|-
| [[File:WNGC_8686_v_4293_scatter_colorbymag_3sec_noSAFM8.png|thumb|600px|Scatter plot comparing the mean 3sec RotD50 for each rupture, between v3.3.1 and v5.4.2, SAF events>M8 excluded]]
|-
| [[File:WNGC_8686_v_4293_scatter_colorbymag_3sec_noSAFM7_5.png|thumb|600px|Scatter plot comparing the mean 3sec RotD50 for each rupture, between v3.3.1 and v5.4.2, SAF events>M7.5 excluded]]
|}

USC, PAS, and STNI also all see larger ground motions at 2-3 seconds from these same events, but the effect isn't as strong, so it only shows up in the tails of the hazard curves.

We honed in on source 68, rupture 7, a M8.45 on the southern San Andreas which produced the largest WNGC ground motions at 3 seconds, up to 5.1g. We calculated spectral plots for v3.3.1 and v5.4.2 for all 4 sites:

{|
! Site !! v3.3.1 !! v5.4.2
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_3861_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8685_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:USC_3970_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_8691_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PAS
| [[File:PAS_3878_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_8687_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! STNI
| [[File:STNI_3873_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_8689_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

=== v5.5.2 ===

We decided to try v5.5.2 of the rupture generator, which typically has less spectral content at short periods:

{|
! Site !! v3.3.1 !! v5.4.2 !! v5.5.2
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_3861_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8685_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8693_v5.5.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

==== Hazard Curves ====

Comparison hazard curves for the three rupture generators, using no taper

{|
! Site !! 10 sec !! 5 sec !! 3 sec !! 2 sec
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_rg_compare_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_rg_compare_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_rg_compare_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_rg_compare_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:USC_rg_compare_notaper_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_rg_compare_notaper_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_rg_compare_notaper_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_rg_compare_notaper_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

Comparison curves for the three rupture generators, using the smaller value in the velocity model.

{|
! Site !! 10 sec !! 5 sec !! 3 sec !! 2 sec
|-
! STNI
| [[File:STNI_rg_compare_taper_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_rg_compare_taper_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_rg_compare_taper_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_rg_compare_taper_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PAS
| [[File:PAS_rg_compare_taper_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_rg_compare_taper_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_rg_compare_taper_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_rg_compare_taper_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

==== Scatter Plots ====

Scatter plots, comparing results with v5.5.2 to results from Study 15.12 by plotting the mean ground motion for each rupture. The colors are magnitude bins (blue: <M6.5; green: M6.5-7; yellow: M7-7.5; orange: M7.5-8; red: M8+).

{|
! Site !! 10 sec !! 5 sec !! 3 sec !! 2 sec
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_8694_v_4293_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8694_v_4293_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8694_v_4293_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8694_v_4293_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! PAS
| [[File:PAS_8700_v_4282_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_8700_v_4282_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_8700_v_4282_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_8700_v_4282_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:USC_8698_v_4384_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:USC_8698_v_4384_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:USC_8698_v_4384_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:USC_8698_v_4384_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! STNI
| [[File:STNI_8702_v_4285_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:STNI_8702_v_4285_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:STNI_8702_v_4285_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:STNI_8702_v_4285_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

We intended to run with the risetime_coef modified from the previous default of 1.6 to 2.3, but due to a code bug we continued to use 1.6.

== High-frequency codes ==

For this study, we will use the Graves & Pitarka high frequency module (hb_high) from the Broadband Platform v22.4, hb_high_v6.0.5. We will use the following parameters. Parameters in bold have been changed for this study.

{|border="1"
! Parameter !! Value
|-
| stress_average || 50
|-
| rayset || 2,1,2
|-
| siteamp || 1
|-
| nbu || 4 (not used)
|-
| ifft || 0 (not used)
|-
| flol || 0.02 (not used)
|-
| fhil || 19.9 (not used)
|-
| irand || Seed used for generating SRF
|-
| tlen || Seismogram length, in sec
|-
| dt || 0.01
|-
| fmax || 10 (not used)
|-
| kappa || 0.04
|-
| qfexp || 0.6
|-
| mean_rvfac || 0.775
|-
| range_rvfac || 0.1
|-
| rvfac || Calculated using BBP hfsims_cfg.py code
|-
| shal_rvfac || 0.6
|-
| deep_rvfac || 0.6
|-
| czero || 2
|-
| c_alpha || -99
|-
| sm || -1
|-
| vr || -1
|-
| vsmoho || 999.9
|-
| nlskip || -99
|-
| vpsig || 0
|-
| vshsig || 0
|-
| rhosig || 0
|-
| qssig || 0
|-
| icflag || 1
|-
| velname || -1
|-
| fa_sig1 || 0
|-
| fa_sig2 || 0
|-
| rvsig1 || 0.1
|-
| ipdur_model || 11
|-
| ispar_adjust || 1
|-
| targ_mag || -1
|-
| fault_area || -1
|-
| default_c0 || 57
|-
| default_c1 || 34
|}

== Spectral Content around 1 Hz ==

We investigated the spectral content of the Broadband CyberShake results in the 0.5-3 second range, to look for any discontinuities.

The plot below is from WNGC, Study 15.12 (run ID 4293).

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run4293_spectral.png|thumb|400px|Spectral plot for WNGC from Study 15.12, target of 0.3676g @ 3 sec. Mean is in red.]]
|}

Below is a plot of the hypocenters from the 706 rupture variations which meet the target.

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run4293_target_event_hypos.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

These events have a different distribution than the rupture variations as a whole.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
! Fault !! Percent of target RVs !! Percent of all RVs
|-
| San Andreas || 60 || 44
|-
| Elsinore || 21 || 9
|-
| San Jacinto || 13 || 8
|-
| Other || 6 || 39
|}

Additionally, 88% of the selected events have a magnitude greater than the average for their source. 4% are average, and 8% are lower.

Below is a spectral plot but which includes all rupture variations and the overall mean (in orange).

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run4293_full_spectral.png|thumb|400px|Spectral plot for WNGC from Study 15.12, all variations.]]
|}

=== Additional Sites ===

We created spectral plots for 7 additional sites (STNI, SBSM, PAS, LGU, LBP, ALP, PLS), located here:

{|
| [[File:additional_spectral_plot_sites.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

{|
! STNI !! SBSM !! PAS !! LGU !! LBP !! ALP !! PLS
|-
| [[File:STNI_run4285_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:SBSM_run4291_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_run4282_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:LGU_run4321_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:LBP_run4317_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:ALP_run4298_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PLS_run4370_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

=== v5.5.2 ===

We created spectral plots using results produced with rupture generator v5.5.2. These results have a much less noticeable slope around 1 sec.

{|
! WNGC !! PAS !! USC !! STNI
|-
| [[File:WNGC_run8694_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_run8700_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:USC_run8698_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:STNI_run8702_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

== Seismogram Length ==

Originally we proposed a seismogram length of 500 sec. We examined seismograms for our most distance event-station pairs for this study and concluded that most stop having any meaningful signal by around 325 sec. Thus, we are reducing the seismogram length to 400 sec to ensure some margin of error.

== Validation ==

The extensive validation efforts performed in preparation for this study are documented in [[Broadband_CyberShake_Validation]].

== Updates and Enhancements ==

*New velocity model created, including Ely taper to 700m and tweaked rules for applying minimum values.
*Updated to rupture generator v5.5.2.
*CyberShake broadband codes now linked directly against BBP codes
*Added -ffast-math compiler option to hb_high code for modest speedup.
*Migrated to using OpenMP version of DirectSynth code.
*Optimized rupture generator v5.5.2.
*Verification was performed against historic events, including Northridge and Landers.

=== Lessons Learned from Previous Studies ===

<ul>
<li>Create new velocity model ID for composite model, capturing metadata.</li>
We created a new velocity model ID to capture the model used for Study 22.12.
<li>Clear disk space before study begins to avoid disk contention.</li>
On moment, we migrated old studies to focal and optimized.
At CARC, we migrated old studies to OLCF HPSS.
<li>In addition to disk space, check local inode usage.</li>
CARC and shock checked; plenty of inodes are available.
</ul>

== Output Data Products ==

=== File-based data products ===

We plan to produce the following data products, which will be stored at CARC:

==== Deterministic ====

*Seismograms: 2-component seismograms, 8000 timesteps (400 sec) each. Study 18.8 used 10k timesteps, but without the sSAF events 8k seems fine.
*PSA: X and Y spectral acceleration at 44 periods (10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.8, 4.6, 4.4, 4.2, 4, 3.8, 3.6, 3.4, 3.2, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.66667, 1.42857, 1.25, 1.11111, 1, .66667, .5, .4, .33333, .285714, .25, .22222, .2, .16667, .142857, .125, .11111, .1 sec)
*RotD: PGV, and RotD50, RotD100, and RotD100 azimuth at 25 periods (20, 15, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1)
*Durations: for X and Y components, energy integral, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), and for both velocity and acceleration, 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80%.

==== Broadband ====

*Seismograms: 2-component seismograms, 40000 timesteps (400 sec) each.
*PSA: X and Y spectral acceleration at 44 periods (10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.8, 4.6, 4.4, 4.2, 4, 3.8, 3.6, 3.4, 3.2, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.66667, 1.42857, 1.25, 1.11111, 1, .66667, .5, .4, .33333, .285714, .25, .22222, .2, .16667, .142857, .125, .11111, .1 sec)
*RotD: PGA, PGV, and RotD50, RotD100, and RotD100 azimuth at 66 periods (20, 15, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.85, 0.75, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.28, 0.26, 0.24, 0.22, 0.2, 0.17, 0.15, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.1, 0.085, 0.075, 0.065, 0.06, 0.055, 0.05, 0.045, 0.04, 0.035, 0.032, 0.029, 0.025, 0.022, 0.02, 0.017, 0.015, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01)
*Durations: for X and Y components, energy integral, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), and for both velocity and acceleration, 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80%.

=== Database data products ===

We plan to store the following data products in the database on moment:

==== Deterministic ====

*RotD50 and RotD100 for 6 periods (10, 7.5, 5, 4, 3, 2)
*Duration: acceleration 5-75% and 5-95%, for both X and Y

==== Broadband ====

*RotD50 and RotD100 for PGA, PGV, and 19 periods (10, 7.5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.075, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01)
*Duration: acceleration 5-75% and 5-95%, for both X and Y

== Computational and Data Estimates ==

=== Computational Estimates ===

We based these estimates on scaling from the average of sites USC, STNI, PAS, and WNGC, which have within 1% of the average number of variations per site.

{| class="wikitable"
|+SGT calculation
! !! UCVM runtime !! UCVM nodes !! SGT runtime (both components) !! SGT nodes !! Other SGT workflow jobs !! Summit Total
|-
! 4 site average
| 436 sec || 50 || 3776 sec || 67 || 8700 node-sec || 78.8 node-hrs
|}

78.8 node-hrs x 335 sites + 10% overrun margin gives us an estimate of 29.0k node-hours for SGT calculation.

{| class="wikitable"
|+PP calculation, with the OpenMP optimization
! !! DirectSynth runtime !! DirectSynth nodes !! Summit Total
|-
! 4 site average
| 31000 || 92 || 792
|}

792 node-hours x 335 sites + 10% overrun margin gives an estimate of 292k node-hours for post-processing.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Broadband calculation
! !! PMC runtime !! PMC nodes !! Summit Total
|-
! 4 site average
| 31500 || 92 || 805
|}

805 node-hrs x 335 sites + 10% overrun margin gives an estimate of 297k node-hours for broadband calculations.

=== Data Estimates ===

==== Summit ====

On average, each site contains 626,000 rupture variations.

These estimates assume a 400 sec seismogram.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Data estimates
! !! Velocity mesh !! SGTs size !! Temp data !! Output data
|-
! 4 site average (GB)
| 177 || 1533 || 1533 || 225
|-
! Total for 335 sites (TB)
| 57.8 || 501.4 || 501.4 || 73.6
|}

==== CARC ====

We estimate 225.6 GB/site x 335 sites = 73.8 TB in output data, which will be transferred back to CARC. After transferring Study 13.4 and 14.2, we have 66 TB free at CARC, so additional data will need to be moved.

==== shock-carc ====

The study should use approximately 737 GB in workflow log space on /home/shock. This drive has approximately 1.5 TB free.

==== moment database ====

The PeakAmplitudes table uses approximately 99 bytes per entry.

99 bytes/entry * 34 entries/event (11 det + 25 stoch) * 622,636 events/site * 335 sites = 654 GB. The drive on moment with the mysql database has 771 GB free, so we will plan to migrate Study 18.8 off of moment to free up additional room.

== Workflow Invocation ==

The invocations used to create full integrated workflows (which is how most sites were run) was:

$>./create_full_wf.sh -s <site> -v vtaper -e 36 -r 10 -g 8 -f 1.0 -q 2.0 -bb --server moment.usc.edu --sgtargs -ns -dep 50.0 -et ifless -td 700.0 -hf 0.25 --ppargs -ds -nb -r -du -dbrs --bbargs --h_fraction 0.25 -mf 1.0 -sf 50.0

For stochastic workflows alone it was:

$>./create_stoch_wf.sh -l <low-frequency run id> -s <site> -e 36 -r 10 -f 1.0 --h_fraction 0.25 -mf 1.0 -sf 50.0 -dbrs -sf 50.0

== Lessons Learned ==

* Make sure database space estimates include both RotD50 and RotD100 values, and also include the space required for indices.

* Add sanity checks on all intensity measures inserted, not just the geometric means (which aren't being inserted anymore).

* Test all types of bundled glidein jobs before the production run. (The AWP jobs ran fine, but we had issues with the DirectSynth jobs).

* Make sure all appropriate velocity fields in the DB are being populated.

* Come up with a solution to the out/err file issue with the BB runs. With file-per-worker, PMC gets a seg fault when the final output is combined. With file-per-task, we end up with 160k files and the filesystem becomes angry.

=== Subfault Perturbation ===

After running Study 24.8, we discovered that the SRF generation for both Study 22.12 and 24.8 had a misunderstanding leading to small but unintended consequences.

Both studies were run with perturb_subfault_location=1 in the rupture generator. This setting results in the location (lat/lon/depth) of the subfaults being perturbed slightly to capture fault roughness. Therefore, the subfault, or fault surface point, locations in the produced SRF are slightly different from the locations as listed in the rupture geometry file.

To save I/O, CyberShake uses the locations in the rupture geometry file to determine where to save the SGTs (in the PreSGT step), and also to determine where to read the SGTs from. Therefore, even if the subfault perturbations would shift the SGTs which are used, these shifts are ignored and don't have any impact in which SGTs are selected. Thus, running with perturb_subfault_location=1 results in the same low-frequency seismogram as with perturb_subfault_location=0, since the same SGTs would be used in both cases.

In the high-frequency stochastic runs, results are slightly different with perturb_subfault_location=1, because the distance calculations are slightly different.

Another place where the differences show up - and where this issue was diagnosed - is in the hypocenter locations in the database. If hypocenters are derived using perturb_subfault_location=1, they will be mapped to the nearest perturbed location, so when the hypocenters are plotted up it will result in a "fuzzy" fault trace rather than a sharp one. Since the SGTs were along the unperturbed locations, it is more accurate to regenerate SRFs with perturb_subfault_location off and then calculate hypocenters from these SRFs.

== Stress Test ==

As of 12/17/22, user callag has run 13627 jobs and consumed 71936.9 node-hours on Summit.

/home/shock on shock-carc has 1544778288 blocks free.

The stress test started at 15:47:42 PST on 12/17/22.

The stress test completed at 13:32:20 PST on 1/7/23, for an elapsed time of 501.7 hours.

As of 1/10/23, user callag has run 14204 jobs and consumed 115430.8 node-hours on Summit.

This works out to 2174.7 node-hours per site, 29.7% more than the initial estimate of 1675.8.

=== Issues Discovered ===

*The cronjob submission script on shock-carc was assigning Summit as the SGT and PP host, meaning that summit-pilot wasn't considered in planning.
We removed assignment of SGT and PP host at workflow creation time.
*Pegasus was trying to transfer some files from CARC to shock-carc /tmp. Since CARC is accessed via the GO protocol, but /tmp isn't served through GO, there doesn't seem to be a way to do this.
Reverted to custom pegasus-transfer wrapper until Pegasus group can modify Pegasus so that files aren't transferred to /tmp which aren't used in the planning process. This will probably be some time in January.
*Runtimes for DirectSynth jobs are much slower (over 10 hours) than in testing.
Increased the permitted memory size from 1.5 GB to 1.8 GB, to reduce the number of tasks and (hopefully) get better data reuse.
*Velocity info job, which determines Vs30, Vs500, and VsD500 for site correction, doesn't apply the taper when calculating these values.
Modified the velocity info job to use the taper when calculating various velocity parameters.
*Velocity params job, which populated the database with Vs30, Z1.0, and Z2.5, doesn't apply the taper.
Modified the velocity params job to use the taper.
*Velocity parameters aren't being added to the broadband runs, just the low-frequency runs.
Added a new job to the DAX generator to insert the Vs30 value from the velocity info file, and copy Z1.0 and Z2.5 from the low-frequency run.
*Minimum Vs value isn't being added to the DB.
Modified the Run Manager to insert a default minimum Vs value of 500 m/s in the DB when a new run is created.

== Events During Study ==

*For some reason (slow filesystem?), several of the serial jobs, like PreCVM and PreSGT, kept failing due to wallclock time expiration. I adjusted the wallclock times up to avoid this.

*In testing, runtimes for the AWP_SGT jobs were around 35 minutes, so we set our pilot job run times to 40 minutes. However, this was not enough time for the AWP_SGT jobs during production, so the work would start over with every pilot job. We increased runtime to 45 minutes, but that still wasn't enough for some jobs, so we increased it again to 60 minutes. This comes at the cost of increased overhead, since the time between the end of the job and the hour is basically lost, but it is better than having jobs never finish.

*We finished the SGT calculations on 1/26.

*On 2/1 we found and fixed an issue with the OpenSHA calculation of locations, which resulted in a mismatch between the CyberShake DB source ID/rupture ID and the source ID/rupture ID in OpenSHA. This affected scatterplots and disaggregation calculations, so all disagg calcs done before this date need to be redone.

*On 2/2 we found that the DirectSynth jobs running in the pilot jobs which are bundled into 10 are segfaulting within the first ~10 sec, before any log files are written. We confirmed this issue doesn't happen with the single-node glidein jobs, and reverted back to those. We will try tests with bundles of 2 jobs to see if we can identify the issue.

*We started getting excellent throughput during the week of 1/30. So as not to use up the allocation, we paused deterministic post-processing calculations on 2/8. We got approval to 2/10 to continue running without penalty, and resumed the deterministic post-processing then.

*We finished the deterministic calculations on 2/22.

*On 2/27, we got an email from OLCF about excessive load from the BB jobs on the GPFS filesystem. We are writing more files with the BB jobs - about 150k per run - but a bigger issue may be the file-per-task I/O that we turned on, increasing the number of err & out files from 6k to 160k. We turned that on to try to prevent the segfaults we were seeing when the workflow finished and the manager was trying to merge all the I/O back in. However, we may need to take that hit so we can maintain a higher number of jobs. Currently OLCF has reduced us to 4 simultaneous jobs, which means it will take about 2 weeks to finish up the BB runs.

*Looking at the initial hazard map, we identified 3 sites with way-too-low ground motions. Digging in, all the RotD values are O(1e-30). This is because the SGTs were not transferred correctly, and even though the check jobs failed, the DirectSynth job ran, the files were transferred back to CARC, the data was inserted into the DB, and curves were generated. The check that we have on the intensity measures upon insertion is only for the geometric mean values, so this should be added to the RotD values as well.

*The broadband calculations finished on 3/6, with the rerun of s003. We just have the DB insertions for about 70% of the BB runs remaining.

=== Database Space Issue ===

On 2/23, we began noticing the free space on moment rapidly disappearing. In 24 hours it was reduced from 310 GB to 140 GB, with still about 75% of the broadband runs remaining.

Additionally, this coincided with many errors with inserting data. What we see happening is that the loading of amplitudes aborts after awhile, but doesn't return an error. Then, when the check job runs, not all the needed rupture variations are present, and the workflow aborts at this step.

The space issue happened because we made two mistakes when calculating the data size. The first is that we did not take into account the size of the indices for each entry in the PeakAmplitudes table, which is about the same size as the data itself. The second is that we forgot that we were also inserting RotD100 values for all 21 broadband periods, not just RotD50, so that's another factor of 2.

With these new values, data + index sizes for the PeakAmplitudes table average 269 bytes/row. Each broadband run has about 620k rupture variations, and we're inserting 21 periods * 2 RotD values + 4 durations for each variation. This works out to 269 bytes/IM * 46 IMs/variation * 622k variations/site = 7.2 GB/site, or 2.4 TB for the entire study.

==== Mitigation ====

The immediate issues are:
#Failed database insertions are preventing sites from finishing.
#Moment will run out of space before the study completes.

These are the planned steps to be able to resume the study:
#Pause the broadband runs.
#Create a cronjob on shock-carc which will kill workflows when they hit the Load_Amps stage. This will avoid using extra space on the DB, but will make it easy to resume once more space is freed.
#Restart broadband workflows, knowing they'll be stopped when they get to the database stage.

Ultimately, we need to populate moment to be able to support access and comparisons. Currently, we need 1800 GB and we have 100 GB.
#Drop Study 17.3 from the PeakAmps table. This study has 4.5 billion rows. There is some uncertainty about how much space this will free up, but it's a minimum of 1140 GB. This increases our available space to 1240 GB.
#Assess how much space is available. If more space is required, consider dropping some of the test runs in the DB which we no longer need.
#Remove cronjob which kills workflows in Load_Amps stage.
#Restart workflows which were stopped at Load_Amps stage.
#Clean up and restart workflows with database insertion issues.

On 3/12, we ran out of database space with 93 sites remaining to be inserted, about 670 GB.
#I reduced the size of the 2 log files from 2 GB to 1 GB, freeing up 2 GB on the database disk.
#I created a temporary file 1 GB in size, so we could delete in in the future and have a little breathing room.
#I switched MariaDB's temporary space from /export/moment, which is basically full, to /tmp, which has about 60 GB of space.
#Since Study 15.12 has already been migrated to focal, we will delete Study 15.12 off moment. This should free up approximately 1460 GB, which should be plenty of space. We could consider stopping after about 200 deleted sites to speed up inserts.
#We will then restart workflow population.
#Once the study is complete, we will attach a temporary drive of 500 GB - 1 TB to moment to use as mysql temp, and then run optimize table to clean up the fragmentation and get back disk space.
#Once disk space is reclaimed, the temporary drive can be removed and we can begin migrating data into sqlite databases and moment-carc.

==== Status ====

On 2/24, moment has 134 GB free. We've stopped running new workflows and are just letting the ones currently running finish.

We began the Study 17.3 deletions the evening of 2/24. We expect they will take about a week.

We resumed the workflows the evening of 2/24, with a cronjob on shock to kill workflows when they hit the Load_Amps stage. This is for workflows starting with ID 9896

On 2/27, we started cleaning up the runs which had incomplete inserts.

The Study 17.3 deletions finished on 3/3. We then ran 'analyze table' to see if that updates the information_schema info, but it didn't. Based on the number of rows deleted, we estimate we've freed around 1100 GB.

On 3/4, we queued up deletions of all the runs with incomplete inserts.

On 3/12, we ran out of disk space on moment, with about 25% of the broadband runs remaining to be inserted. We started deleting Study 15.12 off moment. To give it a head start, we found some runs which haven't finished their BB processing, so we turned back on the cronjob which kills workflows at the LoadAmps stage and are resuming the BB processing for these jobs.

== Post-study directionality investigation ==

Alan Poulos and Evan Hirakawa investigated the directionality of the ground motions from this study in early 2025, comparing the azimuths of the largest and smallest ground motions and comparing their ratios. As a result of this work, they found a handful of sites with essentially infinite ratios, because the ground motions were entirely polarized, with 0 ground motion along one azimuth. Additionally, the maximum and minimum azimuths aligned with the box angles.

We investigated these sites more closely. We confirmed that we see the same directionality in both the low-frequency and broadband results, and in the RotD100 azimuths we calculated. Looking at the workflow logs for these sites, we found that all of these sites had problems in their CheckSGT jobs. These are the jobs that run at the beginning of the post-processing workflow to confirm that the MD5sum for the SGT file matches the previously calculated MD5sum. For these sites, the X component check never ran, and the Y component check ran multiple times and failed because the MD5sums didn't match. This is probably due to a number of issues we had with the Summit filesystem during the study. The SGTs and MD5sums were copied from a temporary working directory to an SGT storage directory, and then the post-processing workflows symlinked to the storage directory. We had a number of problems with the copy from the temporary working directory to the storage directory. Sometimes Globus would record that the copy had completed successfully, but the file in the storage directory was incomplete. We thought we'd identified and fixed these issues for all the sites that experienced them but some slipped through.

s187, P5, P8, P24, PLS, s632, and s541 all had this problem with a checksum mismatch. The checks for s319 also failed due to I/O errors.

=== Recovery ===

To fix this issue, we will regenerate results for these 8 sites. Summit has been decommissioned, so we will calculate the SGTs on Frontier and perform the PP on Frontera, as we did for Study 24.8.

== Performance Metrics ==

At the start of the main study, user callag had run 14466 jobs and used 116506.7 node-hours on the GEO112 allocation on Summit.

The main study began on 1/17/23 at 22:34:11 PST.

The main study ended on 4/4/23 at 04:46:40 PDT, for a main study elapsed time of 1829.2 hours.

At the end of the main study, user callag had run 25320 jobs and used 845339.1 node-hours on the GEO112 allocation.

=== Application Level Metrics ===

*We used 728832.4 node-hours for the main study + 43493.9 for the stress test = 772326.3 node-hours total.
*We used 772326.3 node-hrs / 2330.9 hrs = an average of 331.3 nodes throughout the study, or 7.1% of Summit.
*We ran a total of 965 top-level workflows: 20 for the stress test sites + 3*315 for the other sites.
*We ran 20*83 + 315*(26+27+31) = 28,120 jobs successfully (retries are tracked elsewhere).
**Integrated workflow: 10 jobs (3 dir create, 1 stage) + AWP + PreDS + DS + BB + 2*DB + post = 83
**SGT workflow: 6 jobs (2 dir create, 1 stage) + AWP = 26
**PP workflow: 1 job (1 dir create) + PreDS + DS + Post + DB = 27
**Stoch workflow: 8 jobs (3 dir create, 1 stage) + BB + DB + Post = 31
**AWP subworkflow: 20 jobs (2 dir create, 3 stage, 2 register)
**PreDS subworkflow: 7 jobs (2 dir create, 1 stage)
**DS subworkflow: 6 jobs (1 dir create, 3 stage, 2 register)
**BB subworkflow: 10 jobs (2 dir create, 3 stage, 1 register)
**DB subworkflow: 10 jobs (2 dir create)
**Post subworkflow: 3 jobs (1 dir create)
*420 million two-component seismograms were calculated.
*2.5 PB of data managed.
*75 TB of data transferred back to CARC storage.

== Site Response Analysis ==

After the study completed, we did additional analysis on the impact of the low-frequency site response. This work is documented here: [[Low Frequency Site Response]].

== Production Checklist ==

=== Science to-dos ===

*<s>Run WNGC and USC with updated velocity model.</s>
*<s>Redo validation for Northridge and Landers with updated velocity model, risetime_coef=2.3, and hb_high v6.1.1.</s>
*<s>For each validation event, calculate BBP results, CS results</s>
*<s>Check for spectral discontinuities around 1 Hz</s>
*<s>Decide if we should stick with rvfrac=0.8 or allow it to vary</s>
*<s>Determine appropriate SGT, low-frequency, and high-frequency seismogram durations</s>
*<s>Update high-frequency Vs30 to use released Thompson values</s>
*<s>Modify RupGen-v5.5.2 into CyberShake API</s>
*<s>Test RupGen-v5.5.2</s>
*<s>Update to using v6.1.1 of hb_high.</s>
*<s>Add metadata to DB for merged taper velocity model.</s>
*<s>Check boundary conditions.</s>
*<s>Check that Te-Yang's kernel fix is being used.</s>

=== Technical to-dos ===

*<s>Integrate refactoring of BBP codes into latest BBP release</s>
*<s>Switch to using github repo version of CyberShake on Summit</s>
*<s>Update to latest UCVM (v22.7)</s>
*<s>Switch to optimized version of rupture generator</s>
*<s>Test DirectSynth code with fixed memory leak from Frontera</s>
*<s>Switch to using Pegasus-supported interface to Globus transfers.</s>
*<s>Test bundled glide-in jobs for SGT and DirectSynth jobs</s>
*<s>Fix seg fault in PMC running broadband processing</s>
*<s>Update curve generation to generate curves with more points</s>
*<s>Test OpenMP version of DirectSynth</s>
*<s>Migrate Study 18.8 from moment to focal.</s>
*<s>Delete Study 18.8 off of moment.</s>
*<s>Optimize PeakAmplitudes table on moment.</s>
*<s>Move Study 13.4 output files from CARC to OLCF HPSS.</s>
*<s>Move Study 14.2 output files from CARC to OLCF HPSS.</s>
*<s>Switch to using OMP version of DS code by default.</s>
*<s>Review wiki content.</s>
*<s>Switch to using Python 3.9 on shock.</s>
*<s>Confirm PGA and PGV are being calculated and inserted into the DB.</s>
*<s>Drop rupture variations and seeds tables for RV ID 9, in case we need to put back together for SQLite running.</s>
*<s>Change to Pegasus 5.0.3 on shock-carc.</s>
*<s>Tag code.</s>

== Presentations, Posters, and Papers ==

Science Readiness Review: [[File:Study_22_12_Science_Readiness_Review.pdf|PDF]], [[:File:Study_22_12_Science_Readiness_Review.odp|ODP]]

Technical Readiness Review: [[File:Study_22_12_Technical_Readiness_Review.pdf|PDF]], [[:File:Study_22_12_Technical_Readiness_Review.odp|ODP]]

== References ==

Details about the Graves & Pitarka stochastic approach used in the SCEC Broadband Platform, v22.4, the same as is used in this study: [https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210138]

The merged taper was based off work by Hu, Olsen, and Day showing that a 700-1000m taper improves the fit between synthetics and data for La Habra: [https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac175]

CyberShake Study 24.8

2026-10-10T06:17:32Z

Scottcal: /* Workflow Invocation */

CyberShake Study 24.8 is a study in Northern California which includes deterministic low-frequency (0-1 Hz) and stochastic high-frequency (1-50 Hz) simulations. We will use the [[Rupture_Variation_Generator_v5.5.2|Graves & Pitarka (2022)]] rupture generator and the high frequency modules from the SCEC Broadband Platform v22.4. This study includes vertical component seismograms, period-dependent durations, and Fourier spectra IMs, and a reduction in minimum Vs to 400 m/s.

== Status ==

This study was completed on 11/8/24 at 6:15:15 PST.

The low-frequency calculations finished on 10/30/24 at 04:52:52 PDT.

Study results are posted below.

== Data Products ==

Low-frequency hazard maps are available here: [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_lf/hazard_maps/ Low-frequency Hazard Maps].

Low-frequency GMM comparisons are available here, using [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_lf/gmpe_comparisons_NGAWest_2014_NoIdr_Vs30Simulation/ top velocity mesh value as Vs30] and [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_lf/gmpe_comparisons_NGAWest_2014_NoIdr_Vs30Thompson2020/ Thompson Vs30].

Broadband hazard maps are available here: [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_bb/hazard_maps/ Broadband Hazard Maps].

Broadband GMM comparisons are available here: [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_bb/gmpe_comparisons_NGAWest_2014_NoIdr_Vs30Thompson2020/ Broadband GMM Comparisons].

Updated statewide maps using Study 24.8 and Study 22.12 results are available here: [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_lf/multi_study_hazard_maps/resources/ 2025 Statewide Maps].

== Science Goals ==

The science goals for this study are:

*To perform an updated broadband study for the greater Bay Area.
*To use an updated rupture generator and improved velocity model from Study 18.8.
*To use the same parameters as in Study 22.12 when possible to make comparisons between the studies simple.

== Technical Goals ==

The technical goals for this study are:

*Use Frontier for the SGTs and Frontera for the post-processing and high-frequency calculations.
*Use a modified approach for the production database, to improve performance.

== Sites ==

For this study, we chose to focus on a smaller region than in [[CyberShake_Study_18.8#Sites | Study 18.8]]. Starting with the Study 18.8 region, we selected a smaller (180 km x 100 km) box extending roughly from San Jose to Santa Rosa, containing 315 sites.

{|
| [[File:Study_24_1_site_map.png|600px]]
|}

*[[Media:Study_24.1_sites.csv|CSV site list]]
*[[Media:Study_24.1_sites_names.kml|KML site list with names]]
*[[Media:Study_24.1_sites_no_names.kml|KML site list without names]]

== Ruptures to Include ==

Summary: we decided to exclude the southern San Andreas events from Study 24.8. This was implemented by creating a new ERF with ID 64, which includes all the ERF 36 ruptures except for the southern San Andreas events.

Historically, we have determined which ruptures to include in a CyberShake run by calculating the distance between the site and the closest part of the rupture surface. If that distance is less than 200 km, we then include all ruptures which take place on that surface, including ruptures which may extend much farther away from the site than 200 km.

For Northern California sites, this means that sites around San Jose and south include southern San Andreas events (events which rupture the northernmost segment of the southern San Andreas) within 200 km. Since there are some UCERF2 ruptures which extend from the Parkfield segment all the way down to Bombay Beach, the simulation volumes for some of these Northern California sites cover most of the state. This was the case for Study 18.8 (sample volumes can be seen [[Study_18.5_Velocity_Model_Comparisons#Cross-sections_from_production_velocity_mesh|on this page]]). This required tiling together 3 3D models and a background 1D model.

To simplify the velocity model and reduce the volumes, we are investigating omitting southern San Andreas events from this study.

=== Source Contribution Curves ===

Below are source contribution curves for 3 sites: s3430 (southwest corner of the study region), s3446 (southeast corner of the study region), and SJO (San Jose). In general, the sSAF events are about the 3rd largest contributor at long periods and medium-to-long return periods.

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec
|-
! s3430
| [[File:s3430_run6408_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_run6408_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_run6408_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_run6408_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_run6452_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_run6452_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_run6452_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_run6452_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_run6987_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_run6987_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_run6987_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_run6987_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

We also looked at the source contributions for these 3 sites from ASK 2014. In general, the sSAF events play a reduced role compared to the CyberShake results.

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec
|-
! s3430
| [[File:s3430_ASK2014_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_ASK2014_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_ASK2014_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_ASK2014_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_ASK2014_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_ASK2014_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_ASK2014_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_ASK2014_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_ASK2014_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_ASK2014_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_ASK2014_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_ASK2014_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

=== Disaggregations ===

From Study 18.8, we looked at disaggregations for s3430, s3446, and SJO at 1e-3 (1000 yr), 4e-4 (2500 yr), and 1e-4 (10000 yr) probability levels, at 2 and 10 seconds. We list the top 3 contributing sources from the southern SAF, their magnitude ranges, and their contributing percentages.

The only significant contributions are for site s3446 at 10 second period. Those come from large events, with median magnitude 7.85 or higher.

==== s3430 ====

{| border="1" cellpadding="3"
! Period !! 1e-3 !! 4e-4 !! 1e-4
|-
! 2 sec
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|-
! 10 sec
| 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 0.01% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 0.01% 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), <0.01%
| 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), <0.01% 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|}

==== s3446 ====
{| border="1" cellpadding="3"
! Period !! 1e-3 !! 4e-4 !! 1e-4
|-
! 2 sec
| 84 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM, M7.45-7.95), <0.01% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), <0.01% 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|-
! 10 sec
| 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), 6.83% 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 4.18% 84 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM, M7.45-7.95), 1.53%
| 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), 4.27% 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 3.09% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 1.08%
| 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 1.19% 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), 1.19% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 0.55%
|}

==== SJO ====
{|border="1" cellpadding="3"
! Period !! 1e-3 !! 4e-4 !! 1e-4
|-
! 2 sec
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|-
! 10 sec
| 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), 0.09% 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 0.07% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 0.05%
| 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 0.01% 88 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG, M7.75-8.35), 0.01% 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|}

== Velocity Model ==

We will perform validation of the proposed velocity model using northern California BBP events.

To line up closely with the USGS SF model angle, we will generate volumes using an angle of -36 degrees.

For generating sample meshes, we will use site s3446, a site in the SE corner of the study region with one of the larger volumes.

{|
| [[File:s3446_erf64_volume.png|thumb|400px|Simulation region for s3446 is in yellow. Also plotted are the extents of the USGS SF model, the USGS regional model, CCA-06, and CVM-S4.26.M01.]]
|}

=== Primary 3D model ===

Given the extensive low-velocity near-surface regions in the USGS SF CVM, we plan to use a minimum Vs of 400 m/s (and therefore a grid spacing of 80 m).

{|
| [[File:Sfcvm_h0_2.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

Initial slices with the USGS SF CVM are available here: [[UCVM_sfcvm_geomodelgrid]]. We found two sharply defined high-velocity patches visible on the surface slice, one in the East Bay near the mountains, and another near Gilroy. These are regions where the gabbro type goes to the surface, and so the SF CVM geological rules dictate that the high velocities go to the surface as well.

{|
| [[File:eastbay_high_vs_vertical_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

These patches are not present in the Vs30 models - for instance, for the point (37.6827, -122.086) SF CVM gives a surface Vs of about 3500 m/s, but Wills (2015) has Vs30=710 and Thompson (2018) has Vs30=702.

=== Potential modification to gabbro regions ===

A candidate modification to the gabbro regions to reduce the near-surface velocities is to apply the approach used by Arben Pitarka and Rie Nakata, detailed below.

{| border="1"
! Component !! At surface !! At 7.75 km depth !! derivation
|-
! Vp
| 4.2 km/s || 5.7 km/s || Linear interpolation
|-
! Vs
| 2.44 km/s || 3.4 km/s || Vp/Vs relationship
|-
! Density
| 2.76 g/cm3 || 2.87 g/cm3 || Vp/Density relationship
|}

The Vs (km/s) values are derived from Vp (km/s) using the San Leandro Gabbro relationship:
<pre>Vs = 0.7858 - 1.2344*Vp + 0.7949*Vp^2 - 0.1238*Vp^3 + 0.0064*Vp^4</pre>

The density (g/cm3) values are derived from Vp (km/s) using the San Leandro Gabbro relationship:
<pre>density = 2.4372 + 0.0761*Vp</pre>

A sample plot is below.

{|
| [[File:Nakata_and_Pitarka_modification_slice.png|thumb|800px]]
|}

=== Background model ===

For Study 24.8, we decided to go with the [[Sierra Foothills 1D]] model, which extends the Sierra region of SFCVM.

There are several candidates to use as a background model for the regions outside of the 3D model region.

1D models
#1D Broadband Platform model - either Northern California, Central California, or the Southern Sierras.
#1D CVM-S4 background model
#Extend eastern edge of SFCVM model to fill the remaining volume
#1D CCA model (derived from averaging CCA-06), used in Study 17.3

3D models
#3D CANVAS long-period tomography model
#3D National Crustal model

Plots of these options are available below.

{|
! 1D Model !! BBP NorCal || BBP CenCal !! BBP SouthernSierras !! CVM-S4.26.M01 1D background !! CCA 1D
|-
! Plot
| [[File:nocal500.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:centralcal500.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ssn2-500.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvms426_1dbackground.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Cs_cca_ucvm_1d_all.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

=== Cross-sections ===

==== Cross-sections, no smoothing, CVM-S4.26.M01 1D background ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, CVM-S4.26.M01. This model was extracted on 2/28/24, and is one of the largest volumes needed for the study.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are vertical cross-sections taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, CVM-S4.26.M01. This model was extracted on 2/28/24, and is one of the largest volumes needed for the study.

{|
| [[File:s3446_cross_section_locations.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, smoothing, CVM-S4.26.M01 1D background ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated with smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, CVM-S4.26.M01. This model was extracted on 2/28/24.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are vertical cross-sections taken from a model for s3446 generated with smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, CVM-S4.26.M01. This model was extracted on 2/28/24.

{|
| [[File:s3446_smoothed_cross_section_locations.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, no smoothing, Southern Sierra BBP 1D background ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, Southern Sierra BBP1D model. This model was extracted on 3/13/24.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, Southern Sierra BBP1D model. This model was extracted on 3/13/24.

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, no smoothing, extended SFCVM Sierra 1D background, CCA + taper ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06 + taper, 1D representation of the Sierra foothills in SFCVM. This model was extracted on 4/2/24.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are vertical cross-sections.

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, smoothing, extended SFCVM Sierra 1D background, CCA + taper ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated with smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06 + taper, 1D representation of the Sierra foothills in SFCVM. This model was extracted on 4/2/24.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are vertical cross-sections.

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, no smoothing, extended SFCVM Sierra 1D background with taper, CCA + taper ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06 + taper, 1D representation of the Sierra foothills in SFCVM + taper. This plot includes our typical practice of populating the surface point by querying the models at a depth of grid_spacing/4, or 20m. This model was extracted on 4/9/24.

{|
! Surface (20m) !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:4_9 s3446_0m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_80m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_800m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_2000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_4000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_10000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:4_9_s3446_x_2400_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_x_4800_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_x_7200_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:4_9_s3446_y_1400_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_y_2800_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

=== Candidate Model (RC1) ===

Our candidate model is generated using (1) SFCVM with the gabbro modifications; (2) CCA-06 with the merged taper in the top 700m; (3) the [[NC1D]] model with the merged taper in the top 700m.

{|
! Surface (20m) !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:4_19 s3446_20m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_80m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_800m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_2000m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_4000m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_10000m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

=== Vp/Vs Ratio Adjustment ===

For this study, we are modifying our approach to preserving the Vp/Vs ratio when applying a Vs floor to avoid very large Vp/Vs ratios.

Our previous approach for applying the Vs floor is as follows:

#If Vs < Vs_floor (400 m/s):
##Calculate the Vp/Vs ratio
##Change Vs to the floor
##Calculate a new Vp using Vp = Vs_floor * Vp/Vs ratio
#Apply Vp and density floors

However, there are some sites with very high Vp/Vs ratios near the surface where Vs is low. Therefore, if this algorithm is applied, unexpectedly high Vp values may result.

Here is a vertical profile at site s3240 (Moffett Field). You can see the high surface Vp value:

{|
| [[File:s3240_vert_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

Looking in more detail, here are the Vp and Vs values in the top 90m at s3240:

{| border="1"
! Depth (m) !! Vp !! Vs !! Vp/Vs ratio !! Adjusted Vs !! Adjusted Vp
|-
| 0 || 739 || 81 || 9.12 || 400 || 3649
|-
| 10 || 1009 || 82 || 12.30 || 400 || 4922
|-
| 20 || 1309 || 84 || 15.58 || 400 || 6233 
|-
| 30 || 1502 || 152 || 9.88 || 400 || 3953
|-
| 40 || 1590 || 285 || 5.58 || 400 || 3649
|-
| 50 || 1678 || 418 || 4.01
|-
| 60 || 1711 || 436 || 3.92
|-
| 70 || 1744 || 453 || 3.85
|-
| 80 || 1776 || 471 || 3.77
|-
| 90 || 1807 || 489 || 3.70
|}

Since we are using 80m grid spacing, and populating the surface point at a depth of (grid spacing)/4 = 20m, the values at 20m and 80m are being used. The very high Vp/Vs ratio at 20m means that a very high Vp value is used.

These high Vp/Vs ratios occur at a number of locations around San Francisco Bay, illustrated in the surface Vp plot below:

{|
| [[File:s3240_surface_vp.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

To solve this problem, we will modify the process for applying the Vs floor. We will use the Vp/Vs ratio at 80m depth instead of at the surface, and use a maximum ratio of 4. A similar process was used in the HighF project.

#If Vs < Vs_floor (400 m/s):
##If surface grid point:
###Calculate Vp/Vs ratio at 1 grid point depth (80m)
###If Vp/Vs ratio > 4:
####Lower Vp/Vs ratio to 4
##Else:
###Calculate Vp/Vs ratio at this grid point
##New Vs = Vs_floor
##New Vp = Vs * (potentially modified) Vp/Vs ratio.
#Apply Vp and density floors.

Below is a surface Vp plot with the ratio modification. Note that the areas of previous high Vp have been reduced.

{|
| [[File:s3240_modifiedratio_surface_vp.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

=== Candidate Model (RC2) ===

Candidate model RC2 is generated using the following procedure:
#Tiling with:
##USGS SFCVM v21.1
##CCA-06
##1D background model, derived as an extension of the Sierra section of the SFCVM model and described [[NC1D|here]].
#Surface points are populated using a depth of (grid spacing)/4, which is 20m for these meshes.
#An Ely-Jordan taper is applied to the top 700m across all models using Vs30 values from Thompson et al. (2020).
#Application of a Vs floor of 400 m/s, using the procedure outlined in [[CyberShake_Study_24.8#Vp/Vs Ratio Adjustment]].
#Smoothing is applied within 20km of a model boundary.

Vs plots:

{|
! Surface (20m) !! 80m !! 160m !! 320m !! 640m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:8_5_s3446_20m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_80m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_160m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_320m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_640m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_2000m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_4000m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_10000m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Surface Vp plot:

{|
| [[File:8_5_s3446_20m_smooth_RC2_vp.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

=== Taper impact ===

Below are velocity profiles for the 20 stress test sites, with and without the near-surface taper.

{|
! Site !! Without taper !! With taper (top 700m) !! Vs overlay
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:ALBY_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:ALBY_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! BLMT
| [[File:BLMT_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:BLMT_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:BLMT_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CFCS_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CFCS_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CSU1_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CSU1_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! DALY
| [[File:DALY_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:DALY_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:DALY_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:HAYW_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:HAYW_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LICK
| [[File:LICK_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:LICK_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:LICK_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:LVMR_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:LVMR_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! MSRA
| [[File:MSRA_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:MSRA_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:MSRA_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! NAPA
| [[File:NAPA_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:NAPA_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:NAPA_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PTRY
| [[File:PTRY_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:PTRY_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:PTRY_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3171_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3171_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3240_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3240_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SFRH_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SFRH_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SSFO
| [[File:SSFO_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SSFO_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SSFO_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SSOL
| [[File:SSOL_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SSOL_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SSOL_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SRSA
| [[File:SRSA_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SRSA_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SRSA_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SJO_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SJO_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

== Strain Green Tensors ==

We will use the HIP implementation of AWP-ODC-SGT, with the following parameters:
*Grid spacing: 80 m
*DT: 0.004 sec
*NT: 50000 timesteps by default, increased to 75000 for sites with any site-to-hypocenter distance greater than 450 km.
*Minimum Vs: 400 m/s

SGTs will be saved with a time decimation of 10, so every 0.04 sec.

== Vertical Component ==

We will include vertical (Z) component seismograms in this study. To support this, we will produce Z-component SGTs and include Z-component synthesis in the post-processing and broadband stages.

Verification that the Z component codes are working correctly is documented at [[Vertical component verification]].

== Rupture Generator ==

We will use the same version of the rupture generator that we used for Study 22.12, v5.5.2.

To match the SGT timestep, SRFs will be generated with dt=0.04s, deterministic seismograms will be output with dt=0.04s, and broadband seismograms will use dt=0.01s.

== High-frequency codes ==

We will use the Graves & Pitarka high-frequency codes from the BBP v22.4.

However, since we are using a denser mesh (80m) and a lower minimum Vs (400 m/s), we will not apply site correction to the low-frequency seismograms before combining. Rob states, You may recall that there is a klugy process we have used to estimate the Vref value based on the Vsmin and grid spacing of the model. But, it has only been applied for the case of h=100 m and Vsmin=500 m/s. What I found here is that estimating Vref using the 80m & 400m/s model is that Vref is almost always less than Vs30 (i.e., Vsite). This means that when the site adjustment is applied, the motions are deamplified. This is why we see such a poor fit for the 3D case when using the estimated Vref values. My conclusion at this point is that if we run the 3D calculation with 80 m grid spacing and Vsmin of 400 m/s (or lower), then we probably do not need to apply any site adjustments.

== Validation ==

We performed [[Loma Prieta Validation | validation runs for the Loma Prieta BBP event]].

== Hazard Curve Tests ==

We are calculating test hazard curves for the following sites:

{|
| [[File:Study_24.6_test_sites_map.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

=== Results using velocity model RC1 ===

==== Low-frequency curves ====

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_10676_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3446_10676_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_10677_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3240_10677_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_10678_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:ALBY_10678_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_10683_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:SJO_10683_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_10684_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CFCS_10684_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_10685_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3171_10685_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_10686_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CSU1_10686_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_10681_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:SFRH_10681_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_10682_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:LVMR_10682_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_10679_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:HAYW_10679_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

==== High-frequency curves ====

{|
! Site !! 1 sec !! 0.5 sec !! 0.2 sec !! 0.1 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_10676_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_10689_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10689_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10689_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10689_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_10694_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10694_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10694_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10694_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_10695_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10695_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10695_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10695_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_10693_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10693_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10693_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10693_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_10688_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10688_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10688_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10688_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_10691_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10691_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10691_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10691_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_10692_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10692_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10692_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10692_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_10690_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10690_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10690_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10690_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_10696_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10696_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10696_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10696_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_10697_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10697_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10697_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10697_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

=== Results using velocity model RC2 ===

==== Low-frequency curves ====

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_10708_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3240_10708_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_10709_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:ALBY_10709_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_10710_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:SJO_10710_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_10711_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CFCS_10711_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_10712_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3171_10712_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_10714_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CSU1_10714_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_10715_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:SFRH_10715_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_10715_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:LVMR_10715_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_10717_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:HAYW_10717_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

==== Comparisons with Study 18.8 ====

Study 18.8 curves are in red, and new curves are in black.

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|}

==== High-frequency curves ====

{|
! Site !! 1 sec !! 0.5 sec !! 0.2 sec !! 0.1 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_10724_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10724_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10724_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10724_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_10725_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10725_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10725_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10725_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_10723_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10723_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10723_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10723_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_10718_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10718_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10718_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10718_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_10719_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10719_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10719_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10719_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_10720_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10720_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10720_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10720_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_10721_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10721_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10721_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10721_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_10722_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10722_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10722_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10722_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_10726_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10726_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10726_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10726_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_10727_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10727_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10727_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10727_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

== Updates and Enhancements ==

*Used smaller study region than in Study 18.8.
*Removed southern San Andreas events, and created a new ERF.

== Output Data Products ==

=== File-based data products ===

We plan to produce the following data products, which will be stored at CARC:

==== Deterministic ====

*Seismograms: 3-component seismograms, 10000 timesteps (400 sec, dt=0.04s) each.
*PSA: We are removing geometric mean PSA calculations from this study.
*RotD: PGV, and RotD50, RotD100, and the RotD100 azimuth at 27 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1)
*Vertical response spectra at 27 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1).
*Durations: for X and Y components, energy integral, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), and for both velocity and acceleration, 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80%. Also, period-dependent acceleration 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80% for 27 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1).

==== Broadband ====

*Seismograms: 3-component seismograms, 40000 timesteps (400 sec, dt=0.01s) each.
*PSA: We are removing geometric mean PSA calculations from this study.
*RotD: PGA, PGV, and RotD50, RotD100, and the the RotD100 azimuth at 68 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.85, 0.75, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.28, 0.26, 0.24, 0.22, 0.2, 0.17, 0.15, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.1, 0.085, 0.075, 0.065, 0.06, 0.055, 0.05, 0.045, 0.04, 0.035, 0.032, 0.029, 0.025, 0.022, 0.02, 0.017, 0.015, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01)
*Vertical response spectra at 68 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1).
*Durations: for X and Y components, energy integral, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), and for both velocity and acceleration, 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80%. Also, period-dependent acceleration 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80% for 68 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.85, 0.75, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.28, 0.26, 0.24, 0.22, 0.2, 0.17, 0.15, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.1, 0.085, 0.075, 0.065, 0.06, 0.055, 0.05, 0.045, 0.04, 0.035, 0.032, 0.029, 0.025, 0.022, 0.02, 0.017, 0.015, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01)

=== Database data products ===

We plan to store the following data products in the database on moment-carc:

==== Deterministic ====

*RotD50 for 6 periods (10, 7.5, 5, 4, 3, 2). Note that we are NOT storing RotD100.
*Duration: acceleration 5-75% and 5-95% for both X and Y

==== Broadband ====

*RotD50 for PGA, PGV, and 19 periods (10, 7.5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.075, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01). Note that we are NOT storing RotD100.

=== Hazard products ===

For each site, we will produce hazard curves from the deterministic results at 10, 5, 3, and 2 seconds, and from the broadband results at 10, 5, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 seconds.

When the study is complete, we will produce maps from the deterministic results at 10, 5, 3, and 2 seconds, and from the broadband results at 10, 5, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 seconds.

=== Data products after the study ===

After the study completes, we plan to compute Fourier spectra for all 3 components:

*For deterministic, at 27 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1).
*For broadband at 68 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.85, 0.75, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.28, 0.26, 0.24, 0.22, 0.2, 0.17, 0.15, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.1, 0.085, 0.075, 0.065, 0.06, 0.055, 0.05, 0.045, 0.04, 0.035, 0.032, 0.029, 0.025, 0.022, 0.02, 0.017, 0.015, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01)

== Computational and Data Estimates ==

=== Computational Estimates ===

We based these estimates on the test sites.

{| class="wikitable"
|+SGT calculation
! !! UCVM runtime !! UCVM nodes !! SGT runtime (3 components) !! SGT nodes !! Other SGT workflow jobs !! SGT Total
|-
! Average of 11 test sites
| 761 sec || 96 || 7134 sec || 100 || 7200 node-sec || 220 node-hrs
|}

220 node-hrs/site x 315 sites + 10% overrun = 76,230 node-hours for SGT workflows on Frontier.

{| class="wikitable"
|+PP calculation
! !! DirectSynth runtime !! DirectSynth nodes !! Additional runtime for period-dependent calculation !! PP Total
|-
! 75th percentile of 10 test sites
| 13914 sec || 60 || 61938 core-sec || 232.2 node-hrs
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+BB calculation
! !! BB runtime !! BB nodes !! Additional runtime for period-dependent calculation !! BB Total
|-
! 75th percentile of 10 test sites
| 8019 sec || 40 || 61938 core-sec || 89.4 node-hrs
|}

(232.2+89.7) node-hrs/site x 315 sites + 10% overrun = 111,500 node-hours for PP and BB calculations on Frontera.

=== Data Estimates ===

We use the 75th percentile estimate of 206,500 rupture variations.

We are generating 3-component SGTs and 3-component seismograms, with 10k timesteps (400 sec) for LF and 40k timesteps (400 sec) for BB.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Data estimates
! !! Velocity mesh !! SGTs size !! Temp data !! LF Output data !! BB Output data !! Total output data
|-
! Per site, derived from 10 site average (GB)
| 359 || 1131 || 1490 || 23.7 || 93.6 || 117.3
|-
! Total for 335 sites (TB)
| 110 || 348 || 458 || 7.3 || 28.8 || 36.1
|}

==== CARC ====

We estimate 117.3 GB/site x 315 sites = 36.1 TB in output data, which will be transferred back to CARC. We currently have 29 TB free.

==== shock-carc ====

We estimate (3 MB SGT + 32 MB PP + 219 MB BB logs + 3 MB output products) x 315 sites = 79 GB in workflow log space on /home/shock. This drive has approximately 1.2 TB free.

==== moment-carc database ====

The PeakAmplitudes table uses approximately 183 bytes for data + 179 bytes for index = 363 bytes per entry.

362 bytes/entry * 35 entries/event (10 det + 25 stoch) * 206,500 events/site * 315 sites = 768 GB. The drive on moment-carc with the mysql database has 6.6 TB free.

== Workflow Invocation ==

These workflows were run in separate pieces.

SGT invocation:

$> ./create_sgt_dax.sh -s s3365 -v v246 -e 64 -r 10 -g 8 -f 1.0 -q 2.0 --sgtargs -dep 50.0 -et ifless -td 700.0 -hf 0.25 -mv 400.0 -tm sfcvm,cca,bbp1d -sp 0.08 -z -hd -lv -rt '-36.0' --server moment

PP invocation:

$> ./create_pp_wf.sh -s <site> -v v246 -e 64 -r 10 -g 8 -f 1.0 -q 2.0 --ppargs -ds -nb -r -du -dbrs -sp 0.08 -z -hd -pd

Stochastic invocation:

$> ./create_stoch_wf.sh -l <low-frequency run ID> -e 64 -r 10 -f 1.0 -s <site> --daxargs --h_fraction 0.25 -mf 1.0 -sf 50.0 -dbrs -nls -pd --hf_vel_model nocal -z

== Lessons Learned ==
*The SRFs used in this study weren't quite what was intended; they had subfault relocation on and used a different risetime. Consider running an SRF check before starting the study. More details about the subfault perturbation issue are given on the [[CyberShake_Study_22.12#Subfault_Perturbation | Study 22.12 wiki page]].
*The runtime requested for post-processing jobs was higher than what was needed, increasing queue times for awhile.
*The scottcal account went over quota on /home at Frontera, an issue for writing rvGAHP files.
*Due to the lack of support for outgoing connections, there was not an easy way to bundle jobs on Frontier and we ran the SGT jobs individually.
*Due to an issue with migrating the Study 22.12 changes back to the main Github branch, FP was being overwritten as 0.5 instead of using the 1.0 value from the IN3D file.

== Stress Test ==

For the stress test, we will run the first 20 sites and check for scientific and technical issues.

Usage before the stress test:
*On Frontier, 587,856 of 700,000 node-hours for project GEO156. callag has used 22,166 node-hours.
*On Frontera, 316,715 of 600,000 node-hours for project EAR20006. scottcal has used 11,274 node-hours.

The stress test began on 8/27/24 at 11:25:23 PDT.

To help us finish the stress test before the SCEC AM, TACC granted us a Frontera reservation for 200 nodes for 8 days, beginning on 8/28/24 at 8 am PDT. We didn't realized we needed to specify the --reservation tag, so we began utilizing it around 9 am PDT.

We gave the reservation back in the morning of 8/30. After the stress test, callag had used 32,660 node-hours on Frontier and scottcal used 18,493 node-hours on Frontera.

Stress test computational cost:

*SGTs: 10494/20 sites = 524.7 node-hours per site, about 2.4x what we estimated. This is mostly due to having used meshes with a -55 degree angle, resulting in larger meshes requiring more computation time.
*PP and BB: 370.0 node-hours per site, about 15% more than we estimated.

=== Changes from stress test ===

Based on the stress test, we made the following changes:
*Reduced ramp-up time for DirectSynth worker processes.
*Fixed issue with PGV writing to files in the BB codes.
*Changed mesh angle from -55 to -36 degrees.
*Changed smoothing zone from 10 km on either side of the boundary to 20 km.
*Fixed issue with vertical response and period duration files not automatically transferred.
*Discovered issue with accessing moment-carc through the USC VPN - confirmed that neither Xiaofeng nor Kevin can access it.

=== Stress test results ===

Below are hazard curves for the 20 test sites in the stress test.

{|
| [[File:study_24_8_stress_test_sites.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

A KML file with the stress test sites is available [[Media:Study_24_8_stress_test_sites.kml|here]].

==== Low-frequency ====

These curves (in black) include comparisons with Study 18.8 (in red)

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_r10730_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_r10730_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_r10730_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_r10730_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_r10731_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_r10731_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_r10731_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_r10731_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_r10734_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_r10734_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_r10734_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_r10734_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_r10735_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_r10735_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_r10735_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_r10735_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_r10736_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_r10736_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_r10736_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_r10736_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_r10737_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_r10737_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_r10737_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_r10737_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_r10738_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_r10738_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_r10738_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_r10738_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_r10739_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_r10739_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_r10739_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_r10739_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! NAPA
| [[File:NAPA_r10741_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:NAPA_r10741_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:NAPA_r10741_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:NAPA_r10741_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SRSA
| [[File:SRSA_r10742_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SRSA_r10742_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SRSA_r10742_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SRSA_r10742_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! MSRA
| [[File:MSRA_r10743_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MSRA_r10743_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MSRA_r10743_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MSRA_r10743_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PTRY
| [[File:PTRY_r10744_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PTRY_r10744_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PTRY_r10744_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PTRY_r10744_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! DALY
| [[File:DALY_r10745_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:DALY_r10745_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:DALY_r10745_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:DALY_r10745_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SSOL
| [[File:SSOL_r10746_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSOL_r10746_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSOL_r10746_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSOL_r10746_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LICK
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SSFO
| [[File:SSFO_r10748_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSFO_r10748_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSFO_r10748_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSFO_r10748_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! BLMT
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

==== Sites with notable differences ====

We identified 3 sites with notable differences between Study 24.8 and Study 18.8:
*LVMR is higher at 10 sec
*CFCS is higher 2, 3, 5 sec
*s3171 is lower at 3, 5, 10 sec

We believe the difference in LVMR is due to the expanded basin added in SFCVM v21.1, and s3171 can be explained by the change in profile as well:

{|
! Site !! Profile, SFCVM v21.1 !! Profile, Cencal model used in Study 18.8
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:LVMR_cencal_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3171_cencal_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

A scatterplot comparing the average 2 sec RotD50 value for each rupture shows that the Study 24.8 results are consistently higher than the 18.8 results for CFCS:

{|
| [[File:CFCS_scatterplot.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

We extracted vertical slices for the top from Cencal (floor = 500 m/s) and the Study 24.8 model (taper, floor = 400 m/s) for the top 5000 m along an east-west line running through CFCS.

{|
! Vertical slice, Study 24.8 !! Vertical slice, Cencal
|-
| [[File:CFCS_RC2_vert_slice.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CFCS_cencal_vert_slice.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Corrected Study 18.8 comparisons ====

In an attempt to replicate the Study 18.8 results, we discovered that the Study 18.8 velocity models were tiled in a different order than for Study 24.8: CCA-06, then CenCal, then CVM-S4.26.M01, as described [[CyberShake_Study_18.8#Configuration_for_this_study | here]]. Several of the stress test sites fall within the 20 km smoothing zone surrounding the Study 18.8 CCA-06/Cencal interface (interface in blue, 20km zone in white):

{|
| [[File:Study_18_8_20km_smoothing_region_stress_test_sites.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

We compared the velocity profiles of Study 24.8 and the correct Study 18.8 configuration for the 5 stress test sites. For CFCS, this explains the sharp increase in hazard. The Study 18.8 profile is in blue, and the Study 24.8 profile is in orange.

{|
! Site !! Vs overlay, top 700m !! 2 sec curve !! 3 sec curve !! 5 sec curve !! 10 sec curve
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! BLMT
| [[File:BLMT_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LICK
| [[File:LICK_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

==== Impact of rotation angle and smoothing zone ====

Based on the below analysis, we will rerun the stress test sites with the intended angle of -36 degrees and a 20 km smoothing zone so that all Study 24.8 results will be consistent.

We discovered that the stress test sites were run with a volume rotation angle of -55 degrees and a smoothing zone width of 10 km on either side of the interface. This is different from our intended rotation angle of -36 degrees and smoothing zone width of 20 km. To quantify the impact of this, we ran CFCS with the updated values. Comparisons are below. The black curves are the stress test run, the blue curves are the corrected run.

{|
! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec
|-
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_2sec_curve.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_3sec_curve.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_5sec_curve.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_10sec_curve.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_2sec_scatter.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_3sec_scatter.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_5sec_scatter.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_10sec_scatter.png|thumb|350px]]
|}

== Events During Study ==

The main study began on 9/24/24 at 11:49:59 PDT.

We began with a maximum of 5 workflows on Frontier and 20 on Frontera. Later on 9/24 we increased the number of Frontier workflows to 15.

On 9/30, moment-carc wasn't passed to the Check Duration job for finishing PP workflows. I updated the dax generator to correctly pass through the desired database for this job.

On 9/30, I ran out of /home quota on Frontera. This was an issue because some of the rvGAHP-related logs are written here, and it resulted in "Failed to start transfer GAHP" errors. I cleaned up some space on /home and released the jobs.

On 9/30, the merge_pmc jobs were held because they still included the stress test reservation on Frontera. I removed the reservation string and released the jobs.

On 10/1, I found that the cronjob on Frontier to monitor job usage was removed from the crontab, so I added it back.

On 10/2, I turned off stochastic calculations on Frontera while we investigated the unexpected BB results from the stress test.

On 10/10, the work2 filesystem on Frontera, where the executables and rupture files are hosted, had a problem, causing all the Frontera jobs to be held. Additionally, login4, the host which connects to shock, was unavailable. When login4 returned we restarted the rvGAHP process.

On 10/16, the scottcal account was added to the CyberShake DesignSafe project. This meant that scottcal is now part of 3 allocations, leading to a Slurm error when jobs were submitted without specifying an account, meaning Condor jobs were held. I added the EAR20006 account to all Frontera jobs, and had to manually add it for jobs which were already planned.

On 10/16, I realized that DirectSynth jobs were requesting a wallclock time of 10 hours, but these jobs are usually only taking a bit more than 4. I changed the requested job length to 5 hours.

On 10/17, I discovered that the PP Error jobs were because the corresponding SGT workflow had finished its Update and Handoff jobs, but then the stage-out of the SGTs to Frontera failed because of Globus consents. The registration job is dependent on stage-out, so it didn't run either. Then, when the PP workflow tries to plan, it can't find a copy of the SGT files on Frontera and aborts. I couldn't use the standard CyberShake scripts to restart these workflows, since in the database they were already recorded as SGT Generated, so instead I just reran the pegasus-run commands in the log-plan* files.

On 10/18, I got an email from TACC staff that the jobs are causing too much load on the scratch filesystem, and a request to reduce the number of simultaneous jobs to 4. I reduced the number of Frontera slots to 4 in the workflow auto-submission tool, and am following up to learn the specifics of the problem and if there's a way to fix it.

SGT calculations on Frontier finished on 10/18/24 at 12:59:43 PDT.

On 10/21, the broadband transfers to Corral for Study 22.12 resulted in going over quota on CARC scratch1 again, interfering with the workflows for this study. I cleaned up scratch1 and fixed the issue.

On 10/28-30, the work2 filesystem and scheduler on Frontera had a number of issues, requiring restarts of the rvGAHP daemon and some work to recover the job state.

=== Renewal of Globus consents ===

We will track when we renew the Globus consents.

10/6

10/9

10/13

10/17

10/24

10/29

11/5

=== Restarts of the rvgahp daemons ===

We will track when we restart the rvgahp daemons on login10@frontier and login4@frontera.

10/9 on Frontera

10/10 on Frontera (node crashed)

10/29 on Frontera (filesystem issues)

10/30 on Frontera (continuing filesystem issues)

11/7 on Frontera

== Performance Metrics ==

At the start of the main study, project geo156 on Frontier has used 609101 node-hours (of 700,000). User callag has used 33398 node-hours. Project EAR20006 has used 12925.147 node-hours (of 676,000). User scottcal has used 503.796 node-hours.

At the end of the main study, project geo156 had used 671,656 node-hours. User callag has used 88881.2 node-hours. project EAR20006 had 511480 node-hours remaining (out of 676,000). User scottcal used 125411.21 node-hours.

In total, the study used 55483 node-hours on Frontier and 124907 node-hours on Frontera. This is difficult to translate into core-hours. Each Frontier node has 64 cores plus 8 GPUs. Each GPU has 110 compute units, so we will assume each node has 64 + 110*8 = 944 'cores'. Each Frontera node has 56 cores. We translate this to 52.4M core-hours on Frontier and 7.0M core-hours on Frontera.

The study ran from 9/24/24 11:49:59 PDT to 11/8/24 6:15:15 PST, a duration of 1075.4 hrs (44.8 days).

Our high-water marks were 4130 nodes on Frontier (44%) and 1029 nodes on Frontera (12%). Neither used a reservation or priority bump.

Pegasus managed about 1 PB of data.

We staged about 9 million output files totaling 36 TB back to long-term storage at USC CARC.

We ran 945 top-level workflows, with an average of 15 running at a time.

We ran approximately 27,720 jobs. Of these, 7245 were remote, 8190 were local, 5985 were directory creation, 5355 were staging, and 945 were registration.

126,818,608 three-component seismograms (half LF, half BB), 11.5 billion low-frequency IMs, and 22.8 billion broadband IMs were calculated.

Total number of rupture variations is 63,409,304.

== Production Checklist ==

*<s>Run test workflow against moment-carc.</s>
*<s>Investigate velocity profile differences with Mei's plots (s3171 and HAYW)</s>
*<s>Wrap period-dependent duration code and test in PP.</s>
*<s>Wrap period-dependent duration code and test in BB.</s>
*<s>Integrate period-dependent duration code into workflows.</s>
*<s>Update data and compute estimates.</s>
*<s>Determine where to copy output data.</s>
*<s>Modify workflows to remove double-staging of SGTs to Frontera.</s>
*<s>Schedule and hold readiness reviews with TACC and OLCF.</s>
*<s>Modify workflows to only insert RotD50, not RotD100.</s>
*<s>Science readiness review</s>
*<s>Technical readiness review</s>
*<s>Verify that vertical component response is being calculated correctly.</s>
*<s>Set up cronjobs to monitor usage.</s>
*<s>Solve issue with putting velocity parameters into the database from Frontier.</s>
*<s>Tag code in github repository</s>

== Presentations, Posters, and Papers ==

== References ==

CyberShake Study 24.8

2026-10-08T06:32:27Z

Scottcal:

CyberShake Study 24.8 is a study in Northern California which includes deterministic low-frequency (0-1 Hz) and stochastic high-frequency (1-50 Hz) simulations. We will use the [[Rupture_Variation_Generator_v5.5.2|Graves & Pitarka (2022)]] rupture generator and the high frequency modules from the SCEC Broadband Platform v22.4. This study includes vertical component seismograms, period-dependent durations, and Fourier spectra IMs, and a reduction in minimum Vs to 400 m/s.

== Status ==

This study was completed on 11/8/24 at 6:15:15 PST.

The low-frequency calculations finished on 10/30/24 at 04:52:52 PDT.

Study results are posted below.

== Data Products ==

Low-frequency hazard maps are available here: [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_lf/hazard_maps/ Low-frequency Hazard Maps].

Low-frequency GMM comparisons are available here, using [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_lf/gmpe_comparisons_NGAWest_2014_NoIdr_Vs30Simulation/ top velocity mesh value as Vs30] and [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_lf/gmpe_comparisons_NGAWest_2014_NoIdr_Vs30Thompson2020/ Thompson Vs30].

Broadband hazard maps are available here: [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_bb/hazard_maps/ Broadband Hazard Maps].

Broadband GMM comparisons are available here: [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_bb/gmpe_comparisons_NGAWest_2014_NoIdr_Vs30Thompson2020/ Broadband GMM Comparisons].

Updated statewide maps using Study 24.8 and Study 22.12 results are available here: [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_lf/multi_study_hazard_maps/resources/ 2025 Statewide Maps].

== Science Goals ==

The science goals for this study are:

*To perform an updated broadband study for the greater Bay Area.
*To use an updated rupture generator and improved velocity model from Study 18.8.
*To use the same parameters as in Study 22.12 when possible to make comparisons between the studies simple.

== Technical Goals ==

The technical goals for this study are:

*Use Frontier for the SGTs and Frontera for the post-processing and high-frequency calculations.
*Use a modified approach for the production database, to improve performance.

== Sites ==

For this study, we chose to focus on a smaller region than in [[CyberShake_Study_18.8#Sites | Study 18.8]]. Starting with the Study 18.8 region, we selected a smaller (180 km x 100 km) box extending roughly from San Jose to Santa Rosa, containing 315 sites.

{|
| [[File:Study_24_1_site_map.png|600px]]
|}

*[[Media:Study_24.1_sites.csv|CSV site list]]
*[[Media:Study_24.1_sites_names.kml|KML site list with names]]
*[[Media:Study_24.1_sites_no_names.kml|KML site list without names]]

== Ruptures to Include ==

Summary: we decided to exclude the southern San Andreas events from Study 24.8. This was implemented by creating a new ERF with ID 64, which includes all the ERF 36 ruptures except for the southern San Andreas events.

Historically, we have determined which ruptures to include in a CyberShake run by calculating the distance between the site and the closest part of the rupture surface. If that distance is less than 200 km, we then include all ruptures which take place on that surface, including ruptures which may extend much farther away from the site than 200 km.

For Northern California sites, this means that sites around San Jose and south include southern San Andreas events (events which rupture the northernmost segment of the southern San Andreas) within 200 km. Since there are some UCERF2 ruptures which extend from the Parkfield segment all the way down to Bombay Beach, the simulation volumes for some of these Northern California sites cover most of the state. This was the case for Study 18.8 (sample volumes can be seen [[Study_18.5_Velocity_Model_Comparisons#Cross-sections_from_production_velocity_mesh|on this page]]). This required tiling together 3 3D models and a background 1D model.

To simplify the velocity model and reduce the volumes, we are investigating omitting southern San Andreas events from this study.

=== Source Contribution Curves ===

Below are source contribution curves for 3 sites: s3430 (southwest corner of the study region), s3446 (southeast corner of the study region), and SJO (San Jose). In general, the sSAF events are about the 3rd largest contributor at long periods and medium-to-long return periods.

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec
|-
! s3430
| [[File:s3430_run6408_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_run6408_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_run6408_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_run6408_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_run6452_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_run6452_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_run6452_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_run6452_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_run6987_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_run6987_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_run6987_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_run6987_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

We also looked at the source contributions for these 3 sites from ASK 2014. In general, the sSAF events play a reduced role compared to the CyberShake results.

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec
|-
! s3430
| [[File:s3430_ASK2014_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_ASK2014_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_ASK2014_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_ASK2014_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_ASK2014_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_ASK2014_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_ASK2014_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_ASK2014_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_ASK2014_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_ASK2014_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_ASK2014_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_ASK2014_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

=== Disaggregations ===

From Study 18.8, we looked at disaggregations for s3430, s3446, and SJO at 1e-3 (1000 yr), 4e-4 (2500 yr), and 1e-4 (10000 yr) probability levels, at 2 and 10 seconds. We list the top 3 contributing sources from the southern SAF, their magnitude ranges, and their contributing percentages.

The only significant contributions are for site s3446 at 10 second period. Those come from large events, with median magnitude 7.85 or higher.

==== s3430 ====

{| border="1" cellpadding="3"
! Period !! 1e-3 !! 4e-4 !! 1e-4
|-
! 2 sec
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|-
! 10 sec
| 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 0.01% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 0.01% 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), <0.01%
| 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), <0.01% 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|}

==== s3446 ====
{| border="1" cellpadding="3"
! Period !! 1e-3 !! 4e-4 !! 1e-4
|-
! 2 sec
| 84 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM, M7.45-7.95), <0.01% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), <0.01% 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|-
! 10 sec
| 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), 6.83% 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 4.18% 84 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM, M7.45-7.95), 1.53%
| 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), 4.27% 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 3.09% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 1.08%
| 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 1.19% 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), 1.19% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 0.55%
|}

==== SJO ====
{|border="1" cellpadding="3"
! Period !! 1e-3 !! 4e-4 !! 1e-4
|-
! 2 sec
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|-
! 10 sec
| 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), 0.09% 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 0.07% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 0.05%
| 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 0.01% 88 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG, M7.75-8.35), 0.01% 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|}

== Velocity Model ==

We will perform validation of the proposed velocity model using northern California BBP events.

To line up closely with the USGS SF model angle, we will generate volumes using an angle of -36 degrees.

For generating sample meshes, we will use site s3446, a site in the SE corner of the study region with one of the larger volumes.

{|
| [[File:s3446_erf64_volume.png|thumb|400px|Simulation region for s3446 is in yellow. Also plotted are the extents of the USGS SF model, the USGS regional model, CCA-06, and CVM-S4.26.M01.]]
|}

=== Primary 3D model ===

Given the extensive low-velocity near-surface regions in the USGS SF CVM, we plan to use a minimum Vs of 400 m/s (and therefore a grid spacing of 80 m).

{|
| [[File:Sfcvm_h0_2.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

Initial slices with the USGS SF CVM are available here: [[UCVM_sfcvm_geomodelgrid]]. We found two sharply defined high-velocity patches visible on the surface slice, one in the East Bay near the mountains, and another near Gilroy. These are regions where the gabbro type goes to the surface, and so the SF CVM geological rules dictate that the high velocities go to the surface as well.

{|
| [[File:eastbay_high_vs_vertical_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

These patches are not present in the Vs30 models - for instance, for the point (37.6827, -122.086) SF CVM gives a surface Vs of about 3500 m/s, but Wills (2015) has Vs30=710 and Thompson (2018) has Vs30=702.

=== Potential modification to gabbro regions ===

A candidate modification to the gabbro regions to reduce the near-surface velocities is to apply the approach used by Arben Pitarka and Rie Nakata, detailed below.

{| border="1"
! Component !! At surface !! At 7.75 km depth !! derivation
|-
! Vp
| 4.2 km/s || 5.7 km/s || Linear interpolation
|-
! Vs
| 2.44 km/s || 3.4 km/s || Vp/Vs relationship
|-
! Density
| 2.76 g/cm3 || 2.87 g/cm3 || Vp/Density relationship
|}

The Vs (km/s) values are derived from Vp (km/s) using the San Leandro Gabbro relationship:
<pre>Vs = 0.7858 - 1.2344*Vp + 0.7949*Vp^2 - 0.1238*Vp^3 + 0.0064*Vp^4</pre>

The density (g/cm3) values are derived from Vp (km/s) using the San Leandro Gabbro relationship:
<pre>density = 2.4372 + 0.0761*Vp</pre>

A sample plot is below.

{|
| [[File:Nakata_and_Pitarka_modification_slice.png|thumb|800px]]
|}

=== Background model ===

For Study 24.8, we decided to go with the [[Sierra Foothills 1D]] model, which extends the Sierra region of SFCVM.

There are several candidates to use as a background model for the regions outside of the 3D model region.

1D models
#1D Broadband Platform model - either Northern California, Central California, or the Southern Sierras.
#1D CVM-S4 background model
#Extend eastern edge of SFCVM model to fill the remaining volume
#1D CCA model (derived from averaging CCA-06), used in Study 17.3

3D models
#3D CANVAS long-period tomography model
#3D National Crustal model

Plots of these options are available below.

{|
! 1D Model !! BBP NorCal || BBP CenCal !! BBP SouthernSierras !! CVM-S4.26.M01 1D background !! CCA 1D
|-
! Plot
| [[File:nocal500.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:centralcal500.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ssn2-500.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvms426_1dbackground.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Cs_cca_ucvm_1d_all.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

=== Cross-sections ===

==== Cross-sections, no smoothing, CVM-S4.26.M01 1D background ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, CVM-S4.26.M01. This model was extracted on 2/28/24, and is one of the largest volumes needed for the study.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are vertical cross-sections taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, CVM-S4.26.M01. This model was extracted on 2/28/24, and is one of the largest volumes needed for the study.

{|
| [[File:s3446_cross_section_locations.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, smoothing, CVM-S4.26.M01 1D background ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated with smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, CVM-S4.26.M01. This model was extracted on 2/28/24.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are vertical cross-sections taken from a model for s3446 generated with smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, CVM-S4.26.M01. This model was extracted on 2/28/24.

{|
| [[File:s3446_smoothed_cross_section_locations.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, no smoothing, Southern Sierra BBP 1D background ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, Southern Sierra BBP1D model. This model was extracted on 3/13/24.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, Southern Sierra BBP1D model. This model was extracted on 3/13/24.

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, no smoothing, extended SFCVM Sierra 1D background, CCA + taper ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06 + taper, 1D representation of the Sierra foothills in SFCVM. This model was extracted on 4/2/24.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are vertical cross-sections.

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, smoothing, extended SFCVM Sierra 1D background, CCA + taper ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated with smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06 + taper, 1D representation of the Sierra foothills in SFCVM. This model was extracted on 4/2/24.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are vertical cross-sections.

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, no smoothing, extended SFCVM Sierra 1D background with taper, CCA + taper ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06 + taper, 1D representation of the Sierra foothills in SFCVM + taper. This plot includes our typical practice of populating the surface point by querying the models at a depth of grid_spacing/4, or 20m. This model was extracted on 4/9/24.

{|
! Surface (20m) !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:4_9 s3446_0m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_80m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_800m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_2000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_4000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_10000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:4_9_s3446_x_2400_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_x_4800_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_x_7200_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:4_9_s3446_y_1400_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_y_2800_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

=== Candidate Model (RC1) ===

Our candidate model is generated using (1) SFCVM with the gabbro modifications; (2) CCA-06 with the merged taper in the top 700m; (3) the [[NC1D]] model with the merged taper in the top 700m.

{|
! Surface (20m) !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:4_19 s3446_20m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_80m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_800m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_2000m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_4000m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_10000m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

=== Vp/Vs Ratio Adjustment ===

For this study, we are modifying our approach to preserving the Vp/Vs ratio when applying a Vs floor to avoid very large Vp/Vs ratios.

Our previous approach for applying the Vs floor is as follows:

#If Vs < Vs_floor (400 m/s):
##Calculate the Vp/Vs ratio
##Change Vs to the floor
##Calculate a new Vp using Vp = Vs_floor * Vp/Vs ratio
#Apply Vp and density floors

However, there are some sites with very high Vp/Vs ratios near the surface where Vs is low. Therefore, if this algorithm is applied, unexpectedly high Vp values may result.

Here is a vertical profile at site s3240 (Moffett Field). You can see the high surface Vp value:

{|
| [[File:s3240_vert_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

Looking in more detail, here are the Vp and Vs values in the top 90m at s3240:

{| border="1"
! Depth (m) !! Vp !! Vs !! Vp/Vs ratio !! Adjusted Vs !! Adjusted Vp
|-
| 0 || 739 || 81 || 9.12 || 400 || 3649
|-
| 10 || 1009 || 82 || 12.30 || 400 || 4922
|-
| 20 || 1309 || 84 || 15.58 || 400 || 6233 
|-
| 30 || 1502 || 152 || 9.88 || 400 || 3953
|-
| 40 || 1590 || 285 || 5.58 || 400 || 3649
|-
| 50 || 1678 || 418 || 4.01
|-
| 60 || 1711 || 436 || 3.92
|-
| 70 || 1744 || 453 || 3.85
|-
| 80 || 1776 || 471 || 3.77
|-
| 90 || 1807 || 489 || 3.70
|}

Since we are using 80m grid spacing, and populating the surface point at a depth of (grid spacing)/4 = 20m, the values at 20m and 80m are being used. The very high Vp/Vs ratio at 20m means that a very high Vp value is used.

These high Vp/Vs ratios occur at a number of locations around San Francisco Bay, illustrated in the surface Vp plot below:

{|
| [[File:s3240_surface_vp.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

To solve this problem, we will modify the process for applying the Vs floor. We will use the Vp/Vs ratio at 80m depth instead of at the surface, and use a maximum ratio of 4. A similar process was used in the HighF project.

#If Vs < Vs_floor (400 m/s):
##If surface grid point:
###Calculate Vp/Vs ratio at 1 grid point depth (80m)
###If Vp/Vs ratio > 4:
####Lower Vp/Vs ratio to 4
##Else:
###Calculate Vp/Vs ratio at this grid point
##New Vs = Vs_floor
##New Vp = Vs * (potentially modified) Vp/Vs ratio.
#Apply Vp and density floors.

Below is a surface Vp plot with the ratio modification. Note that the areas of previous high Vp have been reduced.

{|
| [[File:s3240_modifiedratio_surface_vp.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

=== Candidate Model (RC2) ===

Candidate model RC2 is generated using the following procedure:
#Tiling with:
##USGS SFCVM v21.1
##CCA-06
##1D background model, derived as an extension of the Sierra section of the SFCVM model and described [[NC1D|here]].
#Surface points are populated using a depth of (grid spacing)/4, which is 20m for these meshes.
#An Ely-Jordan taper is applied to the top 700m across all models using Vs30 values from Thompson et al. (2020).
#Application of a Vs floor of 400 m/s, using the procedure outlined in [[CyberShake_Study_24.8#Vp/Vs Ratio Adjustment]].
#Smoothing is applied within 20km of a model boundary.

Vs plots:

{|
! Surface (20m) !! 80m !! 160m !! 320m !! 640m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:8_5_s3446_20m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_80m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_160m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_320m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_640m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_2000m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_4000m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_10000m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Surface Vp plot:

{|
| [[File:8_5_s3446_20m_smooth_RC2_vp.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

=== Taper impact ===

Below are velocity profiles for the 20 stress test sites, with and without the near-surface taper.

{|
! Site !! Without taper !! With taper (top 700m) !! Vs overlay
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:ALBY_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:ALBY_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! BLMT
| [[File:BLMT_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:BLMT_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:BLMT_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CFCS_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CFCS_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CSU1_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CSU1_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! DALY
| [[File:DALY_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:DALY_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:DALY_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:HAYW_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:HAYW_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LICK
| [[File:LICK_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:LICK_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:LICK_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:LVMR_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:LVMR_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! MSRA
| [[File:MSRA_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:MSRA_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:MSRA_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! NAPA
| [[File:NAPA_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:NAPA_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:NAPA_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PTRY
| [[File:PTRY_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:PTRY_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:PTRY_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3171_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3171_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3240_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3240_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SFRH_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SFRH_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SSFO
| [[File:SSFO_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SSFO_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SSFO_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SSOL
| [[File:SSOL_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SSOL_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SSOL_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SRSA
| [[File:SRSA_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SRSA_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SRSA_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SJO_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SJO_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

== Strain Green Tensors ==

We will use the HIP implementation of AWP-ODC-SGT, with the following parameters:
*Grid spacing: 80 m
*DT: 0.004 sec
*NT: 50000 timesteps by default, increased to 75000 for sites with any site-to-hypocenter distance greater than 450 km.
*Minimum Vs: 400 m/s

SGTs will be saved with a time decimation of 10, so every 0.04 sec.

== Vertical Component ==

We will include vertical (Z) component seismograms in this study. To support this, we will produce Z-component SGTs and include Z-component synthesis in the post-processing and broadband stages.

Verification that the Z component codes are working correctly is documented at [[Vertical component verification]].

== Rupture Generator ==

We will use the same version of the rupture generator that we used for Study 22.12, v5.5.2.

To match the SGT timestep, SRFs will be generated with dt=0.04s, deterministic seismograms will be output with dt=0.04s, and broadband seismograms will use dt=0.01s.

== High-frequency codes ==

We will use the Graves & Pitarka high-frequency codes from the BBP v22.4.

However, since we are using a denser mesh (80m) and a lower minimum Vs (400 m/s), we will not apply site correction to the low-frequency seismograms before combining. Rob states, You may recall that there is a klugy process we have used to estimate the Vref value based on the Vsmin and grid spacing of the model. But, it has only been applied for the case of h=100 m and Vsmin=500 m/s. What I found here is that estimating Vref using the 80m & 400m/s model is that Vref is almost always less than Vs30 (i.e., Vsite). This means that when the site adjustment is applied, the motions are deamplified. This is why we see such a poor fit for the 3D case when using the estimated Vref values. My conclusion at this point is that if we run the 3D calculation with 80 m grid spacing and Vsmin of 400 m/s (or lower), then we probably do not need to apply any site adjustments.

== Validation ==

We performed [[Loma Prieta Validation | validation runs for the Loma Prieta BBP event]].

== Hazard Curve Tests ==

We are calculating test hazard curves for the following sites:

{|
| [[File:Study_24.6_test_sites_map.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

=== Results using velocity model RC1 ===

==== Low-frequency curves ====

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_10676_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3446_10676_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_10677_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3240_10677_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_10678_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:ALBY_10678_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_10683_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:SJO_10683_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_10684_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CFCS_10684_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_10685_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3171_10685_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_10686_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CSU1_10686_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_10681_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:SFRH_10681_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_10682_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:LVMR_10682_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_10679_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:HAYW_10679_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

==== High-frequency curves ====

{|
! Site !! 1 sec !! 0.5 sec !! 0.2 sec !! 0.1 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_10676_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_10689_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10689_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10689_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10689_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_10694_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10694_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10694_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10694_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_10695_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10695_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10695_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10695_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_10693_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10693_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10693_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10693_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_10688_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10688_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10688_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10688_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_10691_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10691_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10691_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10691_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_10692_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10692_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10692_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10692_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_10690_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10690_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10690_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10690_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_10696_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10696_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10696_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10696_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_10697_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10697_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10697_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10697_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

=== Results using velocity model RC2 ===

==== Low-frequency curves ====

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_10708_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3240_10708_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_10709_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:ALBY_10709_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_10710_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:SJO_10710_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_10711_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CFCS_10711_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_10712_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3171_10712_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_10714_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CSU1_10714_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_10715_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:SFRH_10715_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_10715_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:LVMR_10715_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_10717_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:HAYW_10717_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

==== Comparisons with Study 18.8 ====

Study 18.8 curves are in red, and new curves are in black.

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|}

==== High-frequency curves ====

{|
! Site !! 1 sec !! 0.5 sec !! 0.2 sec !! 0.1 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_10724_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10724_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10724_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10724_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_10725_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10725_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10725_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10725_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_10723_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10723_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10723_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10723_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_10718_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10718_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10718_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10718_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_10719_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10719_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10719_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10719_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_10720_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10720_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10720_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10720_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_10721_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10721_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10721_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10721_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_10722_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10722_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10722_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10722_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_10726_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10726_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10726_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10726_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_10727_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10727_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10727_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10727_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

== Updates and Enhancements ==

*Used smaller study region than in Study 18.8.
*Removed southern San Andreas events, and created a new ERF.

== Output Data Products ==

=== File-based data products ===

We plan to produce the following data products, which will be stored at CARC:

==== Deterministic ====

*Seismograms: 3-component seismograms, 10000 timesteps (400 sec, dt=0.04s) each.
*PSA: We are removing geometric mean PSA calculations from this study.
*RotD: PGV, and RotD50, RotD100, and the RotD100 azimuth at 27 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1)
*Vertical response spectra at 27 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1).
*Durations: for X and Y components, energy integral, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), and for both velocity and acceleration, 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80%. Also, period-dependent acceleration 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80% for 27 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1).

==== Broadband ====

*Seismograms: 3-component seismograms, 40000 timesteps (400 sec, dt=0.01s) each.
*PSA: We are removing geometric mean PSA calculations from this study.
*RotD: PGA, PGV, and RotD50, RotD100, and the the RotD100 azimuth at 68 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.85, 0.75, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.28, 0.26, 0.24, 0.22, 0.2, 0.17, 0.15, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.1, 0.085, 0.075, 0.065, 0.06, 0.055, 0.05, 0.045, 0.04, 0.035, 0.032, 0.029, 0.025, 0.022, 0.02, 0.017, 0.015, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01)
*Vertical response spectra at 68 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1).
*Durations: for X and Y components, energy integral, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), and for both velocity and acceleration, 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80%. Also, period-dependent acceleration 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80% for 68 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.85, 0.75, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.28, 0.26, 0.24, 0.22, 0.2, 0.17, 0.15, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.1, 0.085, 0.075, 0.065, 0.06, 0.055, 0.05, 0.045, 0.04, 0.035, 0.032, 0.029, 0.025, 0.022, 0.02, 0.017, 0.015, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01)

=== Database data products ===

We plan to store the following data products in the database on moment-carc:

==== Deterministic ====

*RotD50 for 6 periods (10, 7.5, 5, 4, 3, 2). Note that we are NOT storing RotD100.
*Duration: acceleration 5-75% and 5-95% for both X and Y

==== Broadband ====

*RotD50 for PGA, PGV, and 19 periods (10, 7.5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.075, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01). Note that we are NOT storing RotD100.

=== Hazard products ===

For each site, we will produce hazard curves from the deterministic results at 10, 5, 3, and 2 seconds, and from the broadband results at 10, 5, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 seconds.

When the study is complete, we will produce maps from the deterministic results at 10, 5, 3, and 2 seconds, and from the broadband results at 10, 5, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 seconds.

=== Data products after the study ===

After the study completes, we plan to compute Fourier spectra for all 3 components:

*For deterministic, at 27 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1).
*For broadband at 68 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.85, 0.75, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.28, 0.26, 0.24, 0.22, 0.2, 0.17, 0.15, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.1, 0.085, 0.075, 0.065, 0.06, 0.055, 0.05, 0.045, 0.04, 0.035, 0.032, 0.029, 0.025, 0.022, 0.02, 0.017, 0.015, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01)

== Computational and Data Estimates ==

=== Computational Estimates ===

We based these estimates on the test sites.

{| class="wikitable"
|+SGT calculation
! !! UCVM runtime !! UCVM nodes !! SGT runtime (3 components) !! SGT nodes !! Other SGT workflow jobs !! SGT Total
|-
! Average of 11 test sites
| 761 sec || 96 || 7134 sec || 100 || 7200 node-sec || 220 node-hrs
|}

220 node-hrs/site x 315 sites + 10% overrun = 76,230 node-hours for SGT workflows on Frontier.

{| class="wikitable"
|+PP calculation
! !! DirectSynth runtime !! DirectSynth nodes !! Additional runtime for period-dependent calculation !! PP Total
|-
! 75th percentile of 10 test sites
| 13914 sec || 60 || 61938 core-sec || 232.2 node-hrs
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+BB calculation
! !! BB runtime !! BB nodes !! Additional runtime for period-dependent calculation !! BB Total
|-
! 75th percentile of 10 test sites
| 8019 sec || 40 || 61938 core-sec || 89.4 node-hrs
|}

(232.2+89.7) node-hrs/site x 315 sites + 10% overrun = 111,500 node-hours for PP and BB calculations on Frontera.

=== Data Estimates ===

We use the 75th percentile estimate of 206,500 rupture variations.

We are generating 3-component SGTs and 3-component seismograms, with 10k timesteps (400 sec) for LF and 40k timesteps (400 sec) for BB.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Data estimates
! !! Velocity mesh !! SGTs size !! Temp data !! LF Output data !! BB Output data !! Total output data
|-
! Per site, derived from 10 site average (GB)
| 359 || 1131 || 1490 || 23.7 || 93.6 || 117.3
|-
! Total for 335 sites (TB)
| 110 || 348 || 458 || 7.3 || 28.8 || 36.1
|}

==== CARC ====

We estimate 117.3 GB/site x 315 sites = 36.1 TB in output data, which will be transferred back to CARC. We currently have 29 TB free.

==== shock-carc ====

We estimate (3 MB SGT + 32 MB PP + 219 MB BB logs + 3 MB output products) x 315 sites = 79 GB in workflow log space on /home/shock. This drive has approximately 1.2 TB free.

==== moment-carc database ====

The PeakAmplitudes table uses approximately 183 bytes for data + 179 bytes for index = 363 bytes per entry.

362 bytes/entry * 35 entries/event (10 det + 25 stoch) * 206,500 events/site * 315 sites = 768 GB. The drive on moment-carc with the mysql database has 6.6 TB free.

== Workflow Invocation ==

These workflows were run in separate pieces.

SGT invocation:

$> ./create_sgt_dax.sh -s <site> -v v246 -e 64 -r 10 -g 8 -f 1.0 -q 2.0 -bb --server moment.usc.edu -dep 50.0 -hf 0.25 -mv 400.0 -rt "-36.0" -et ifless -td 700.0 -tm sfcvm,cca,bbp1d -sp 0.08 -z -hd -lv

PP invocation:

$> ./create_pp_wf.sh -s <site> -v v246 -e 64 -r 10 -g 8 -f 1.0 -q 2.0 --ppargs -ds -nb -r -du -dbrs -sp 0.08 -z -hd -pd

Stochastic invocation:

$> ./create_stoch_wf.sh -l <low-frequency run ID> -e 64 -r 10 -f 1.0 -s <site> --daxargs --h_fraction 0.25 -mf 1.0 -sf 50.0 -dbrs -nls -pd --hf_vel_model nocal -z

== Lessons Learned ==
*The SRFs used in this study weren't quite what was intended; they had subfault relocation on and used a different risetime. Consider running an SRF check before starting the study. More details about the subfault perturbation issue are given on the [[CyberShake_Study_22.12#Subfault_Perturbation | Study 22.12 wiki page]].
*The runtime requested for post-processing jobs was higher than what was needed, increasing queue times for awhile.
*The scottcal account went over quota on /home at Frontera, an issue for writing rvGAHP files.
*Due to the lack of support for outgoing connections, there was not an easy way to bundle jobs on Frontier and we ran the SGT jobs individually.
*Due to an issue with migrating the Study 22.12 changes back to the main Github branch, FP was being overwritten as 0.5 instead of using the 1.0 value from the IN3D file.

== Stress Test ==

For the stress test, we will run the first 20 sites and check for scientific and technical issues.

Usage before the stress test:
*On Frontier, 587,856 of 700,000 node-hours for project GEO156. callag has used 22,166 node-hours.
*On Frontera, 316,715 of 600,000 node-hours for project EAR20006. scottcal has used 11,274 node-hours.

The stress test began on 8/27/24 at 11:25:23 PDT.

To help us finish the stress test before the SCEC AM, TACC granted us a Frontera reservation for 200 nodes for 8 days, beginning on 8/28/24 at 8 am PDT. We didn't realized we needed to specify the --reservation tag, so we began utilizing it around 9 am PDT.

We gave the reservation back in the morning of 8/30. After the stress test, callag had used 32,660 node-hours on Frontier and scottcal used 18,493 node-hours on Frontera.

Stress test computational cost:

*SGTs: 10494/20 sites = 524.7 node-hours per site, about 2.4x what we estimated. This is mostly due to having used meshes with a -55 degree angle, resulting in larger meshes requiring more computation time.
*PP and BB: 370.0 node-hours per site, about 15% more than we estimated.

=== Changes from stress test ===

Based on the stress test, we made the following changes:
*Reduced ramp-up time for DirectSynth worker processes.
*Fixed issue with PGV writing to files in the BB codes.
*Changed mesh angle from -55 to -36 degrees.
*Changed smoothing zone from 10 km on either side of the boundary to 20 km.
*Fixed issue with vertical response and period duration files not automatically transferred.
*Discovered issue with accessing moment-carc through the USC VPN - confirmed that neither Xiaofeng nor Kevin can access it.

=== Stress test results ===

Below are hazard curves for the 20 test sites in the stress test.

{|
| [[File:study_24_8_stress_test_sites.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

A KML file with the stress test sites is available [[Media:Study_24_8_stress_test_sites.kml|here]].

==== Low-frequency ====

These curves (in black) include comparisons with Study 18.8 (in red)

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_r10730_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_r10730_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_r10730_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_r10730_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_r10731_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_r10731_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_r10731_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_r10731_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_r10734_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_r10734_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_r10734_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_r10734_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_r10735_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_r10735_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_r10735_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_r10735_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_r10736_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_r10736_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_r10736_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_r10736_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_r10737_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_r10737_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_r10737_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_r10737_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_r10738_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_r10738_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_r10738_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_r10738_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_r10739_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_r10739_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_r10739_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_r10739_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! NAPA
| [[File:NAPA_r10741_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:NAPA_r10741_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:NAPA_r10741_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:NAPA_r10741_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SRSA
| [[File:SRSA_r10742_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SRSA_r10742_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SRSA_r10742_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SRSA_r10742_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! MSRA
| [[File:MSRA_r10743_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MSRA_r10743_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MSRA_r10743_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MSRA_r10743_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PTRY
| [[File:PTRY_r10744_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PTRY_r10744_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PTRY_r10744_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PTRY_r10744_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! DALY
| [[File:DALY_r10745_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:DALY_r10745_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:DALY_r10745_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:DALY_r10745_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SSOL
| [[File:SSOL_r10746_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSOL_r10746_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSOL_r10746_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSOL_r10746_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LICK
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SSFO
| [[File:SSFO_r10748_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSFO_r10748_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSFO_r10748_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSFO_r10748_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! BLMT
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

==== Sites with notable differences ====

We identified 3 sites with notable differences between Study 24.8 and Study 18.8:
*LVMR is higher at 10 sec
*CFCS is higher 2, 3, 5 sec
*s3171 is lower at 3, 5, 10 sec

We believe the difference in LVMR is due to the expanded basin added in SFCVM v21.1, and s3171 can be explained by the change in profile as well:

{|
! Site !! Profile, SFCVM v21.1 !! Profile, Cencal model used in Study 18.8
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:LVMR_cencal_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3171_cencal_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

A scatterplot comparing the average 2 sec RotD50 value for each rupture shows that the Study 24.8 results are consistently higher than the 18.8 results for CFCS:

{|
| [[File:CFCS_scatterplot.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

We extracted vertical slices for the top from Cencal (floor = 500 m/s) and the Study 24.8 model (taper, floor = 400 m/s) for the top 5000 m along an east-west line running through CFCS.

{|
! Vertical slice, Study 24.8 !! Vertical slice, Cencal
|-
| [[File:CFCS_RC2_vert_slice.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CFCS_cencal_vert_slice.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Corrected Study 18.8 comparisons ====

In an attempt to replicate the Study 18.8 results, we discovered that the Study 18.8 velocity models were tiled in a different order than for Study 24.8: CCA-06, then CenCal, then CVM-S4.26.M01, as described [[CyberShake_Study_18.8#Configuration_for_this_study | here]]. Several of the stress test sites fall within the 20 km smoothing zone surrounding the Study 18.8 CCA-06/Cencal interface (interface in blue, 20km zone in white):

{|
| [[File:Study_18_8_20km_smoothing_region_stress_test_sites.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

We compared the velocity profiles of Study 24.8 and the correct Study 18.8 configuration for the 5 stress test sites. For CFCS, this explains the sharp increase in hazard. The Study 18.8 profile is in blue, and the Study 24.8 profile is in orange.

{|
! Site !! Vs overlay, top 700m !! 2 sec curve !! 3 sec curve !! 5 sec curve !! 10 sec curve
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! BLMT
| [[File:BLMT_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LICK
| [[File:LICK_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

==== Impact of rotation angle and smoothing zone ====

Based on the below analysis, we will rerun the stress test sites with the intended angle of -36 degrees and a 20 km smoothing zone so that all Study 24.8 results will be consistent.

We discovered that the stress test sites were run with a volume rotation angle of -55 degrees and a smoothing zone width of 10 km on either side of the interface. This is different from our intended rotation angle of -36 degrees and smoothing zone width of 20 km. To quantify the impact of this, we ran CFCS with the updated values. Comparisons are below. The black curves are the stress test run, the blue curves are the corrected run.

{|
! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec
|-
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_2sec_curve.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_3sec_curve.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_5sec_curve.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_10sec_curve.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_2sec_scatter.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_3sec_scatter.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_5sec_scatter.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_10sec_scatter.png|thumb|350px]]
|}

== Events During Study ==

The main study began on 9/24/24 at 11:49:59 PDT.

We began with a maximum of 5 workflows on Frontier and 20 on Frontera. Later on 9/24 we increased the number of Frontier workflows to 15.

On 9/30, moment-carc wasn't passed to the Check Duration job for finishing PP workflows. I updated the dax generator to correctly pass through the desired database for this job.

On 9/30, I ran out of /home quota on Frontera. This was an issue because some of the rvGAHP-related logs are written here, and it resulted in "Failed to start transfer GAHP" errors. I cleaned up some space on /home and released the jobs.

On 9/30, the merge_pmc jobs were held because they still included the stress test reservation on Frontera. I removed the reservation string and released the jobs.

On 10/1, I found that the cronjob on Frontier to monitor job usage was removed from the crontab, so I added it back.

On 10/2, I turned off stochastic calculations on Frontera while we investigated the unexpected BB results from the stress test.

On 10/10, the work2 filesystem on Frontera, where the executables and rupture files are hosted, had a problem, causing all the Frontera jobs to be held. Additionally, login4, the host which connects to shock, was unavailable. When login4 returned we restarted the rvGAHP process.

On 10/16, the scottcal account was added to the CyberShake DesignSafe project. This meant that scottcal is now part of 3 allocations, leading to a Slurm error when jobs were submitted without specifying an account, meaning Condor jobs were held. I added the EAR20006 account to all Frontera jobs, and had to manually add it for jobs which were already planned.

On 10/16, I realized that DirectSynth jobs were requesting a wallclock time of 10 hours, but these jobs are usually only taking a bit more than 4. I changed the requested job length to 5 hours.

On 10/17, I discovered that the PP Error jobs were because the corresponding SGT workflow had finished its Update and Handoff jobs, but then the stage-out of the SGTs to Frontera failed because of Globus consents. The registration job is dependent on stage-out, so it didn't run either. Then, when the PP workflow tries to plan, it can't find a copy of the SGT files on Frontera and aborts. I couldn't use the standard CyberShake scripts to restart these workflows, since in the database they were already recorded as SGT Generated, so instead I just reran the pegasus-run commands in the log-plan* files.

On 10/18, I got an email from TACC staff that the jobs are causing too much load on the scratch filesystem, and a request to reduce the number of simultaneous jobs to 4. I reduced the number of Frontera slots to 4 in the workflow auto-submission tool, and am following up to learn the specifics of the problem and if there's a way to fix it.

SGT calculations on Frontier finished on 10/18/24 at 12:59:43 PDT.

On 10/21, the broadband transfers to Corral for Study 22.12 resulted in going over quota on CARC scratch1 again, interfering with the workflows for this study. I cleaned up scratch1 and fixed the issue.

On 10/28-30, the work2 filesystem and scheduler on Frontera had a number of issues, requiring restarts of the rvGAHP daemon and some work to recover the job state.

=== Renewal of Globus consents ===

We will track when we renew the Globus consents.

10/6

10/9

10/13

10/17

10/24

10/29

11/5

=== Restarts of the rvgahp daemons ===

We will track when we restart the rvgahp daemons on login10@frontier and login4@frontera.

10/9 on Frontera

10/10 on Frontera (node crashed)

10/29 on Frontera (filesystem issues)

10/30 on Frontera (continuing filesystem issues)

11/7 on Frontera

== Performance Metrics ==

At the start of the main study, project geo156 on Frontier has used 609101 node-hours (of 700,000). User callag has used 33398 node-hours. Project EAR20006 has used 12925.147 node-hours (of 676,000). User scottcal has used 503.796 node-hours.

At the end of the main study, project geo156 had used 671,656 node-hours. User callag has used 88881.2 node-hours. project EAR20006 had 511480 node-hours remaining (out of 676,000). User scottcal used 125411.21 node-hours.

In total, the study used 55483 node-hours on Frontier and 124907 node-hours on Frontera. This is difficult to translate into core-hours. Each Frontier node has 64 cores plus 8 GPUs. Each GPU has 110 compute units, so we will assume each node has 64 + 110*8 = 944 'cores'. Each Frontera node has 56 cores. We translate this to 52.4M core-hours on Frontier and 7.0M core-hours on Frontera.

The study ran from 9/24/24 11:49:59 PDT to 11/8/24 6:15:15 PST, a duration of 1075.4 hrs (44.8 days).

Our high-water marks were 4130 nodes on Frontier (44%) and 1029 nodes on Frontera (12%). Neither used a reservation or priority bump.

Pegasus managed about 1 PB of data.

We staged about 9 million output files totaling 36 TB back to long-term storage at USC CARC.

We ran 945 top-level workflows, with an average of 15 running at a time.

We ran approximately 27,720 jobs. Of these, 7245 were remote, 8190 were local, 5985 were directory creation, 5355 were staging, and 945 were registration.

126,818,608 three-component seismograms (half LF, half BB), 11.5 billion low-frequency IMs, and 22.8 billion broadband IMs were calculated.

Total number of rupture variations is 63,409,304.

== Production Checklist ==

*<s>Run test workflow against moment-carc.</s>
*<s>Investigate velocity profile differences with Mei's plots (s3171 and HAYW)</s>
*<s>Wrap period-dependent duration code and test in PP.</s>
*<s>Wrap period-dependent duration code and test in BB.</s>
*<s>Integrate period-dependent duration code into workflows.</s>
*<s>Update data and compute estimates.</s>
*<s>Determine where to copy output data.</s>
*<s>Modify workflows to remove double-staging of SGTs to Frontera.</s>
*<s>Schedule and hold readiness reviews with TACC and OLCF.</s>
*<s>Modify workflows to only insert RotD50, not RotD100.</s>
*<s>Science readiness review</s>
*<s>Technical readiness review</s>
*<s>Verify that vertical component response is being calculated correctly.</s>
*<s>Set up cronjobs to monitor usage.</s>
*<s>Solve issue with putting velocity parameters into the database from Frontier.</s>
*<s>Tag code in github repository</s>

== Presentations, Posters, and Papers ==

== References ==

CyberShake Study 22.12

2026-10-08T06:21:32Z

Scottcal: /* Workflow invocation */

CyberShake Study 22.12 is a study in Southern California which includes deterministic low-frequency (0-1 Hz) and stochastic high-frequency (1-50 Hz) simulations. We used the [[Rupture_Variation_Generator_v5.5.2|Graves & Pitarka (2022)]] rupture generator and the high frequency modules from the SCEC Broadband Platform v22.4.

== Status ==

This study is complete. We are currently performing analysis of the results.

== Data Products ==

=== Low-frequency ===

*[https://opensha.usc.edu/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_22_12_lf/hazard_maps/ Low-frequency hazard maps, including comparisons to Study 15.4]

==== Change from Study 15.4 ====

Here's a table with the overall averaged differences between Study 15.4 and 22.12 at 2% in 50 years.

Negative difference and ratios less than 1 indicate smaller Study 22.12 results.

{| border="1" cellpadding="5"
! Period !! Difference (22.12-15.4) !! Ratio (22.12/15.4)
|-
! 2 sec
| 0.0445 g
| 1.162
|-
! 3 sec
| -0.00883 g
| 0.988
|-
! 5 sec
| -0.0200 g
| 0.0901
|-
! 10 sec
| -0.00846
| 0.882
|}

=== Broadband ===

*[https://opensha.usc.edu/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_22_12_hf/hazard_maps/ Broadband hazard maps, including comparisons to Study 15.12]

== Science Goals ==

The science goals for this study are:

*Calculate a regional CyberShake model for southern California using an updated rupture generator.
*Calculate an updated broadband CyberShake model.
*Sample variability in rupture velocity as part of the rupture generator.
*Increase hypocentral density, from 4.5 km to 4 km.

== Technical Goals ==

The technical goals for this study are:

*Use an optimized OpenMP version of the post-processing code.
*Bundle the SGT and post-processing jobs to run on large Condor glide-ins, taking advantage of queue policies favoring large jobs.
*Perform the largest CyberShake study to date.

== Sites ==

We will use the standard 335 southern California sites (same as Study 21.12). The order of execution will be:

*Stress test sites ([[Media:Study_22_12_stress_test_sites_names.kml|site list here]])
*Sites of interest
*20 km grid
*10 km grid
*Selected 5 km grid sites

{|
| [[File:Study_22.10_site_map.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

*[[:Media:Study_22.10_sites.csv|CSV site list]]
*[[Media:Study_22.10_sites_names.kml|KML site list with names]]
*[[Media:Study_22.10_sites_no_names.kml|KML site list without names]]

== Velocity Model ==

Summary: We are using a velocity model which is a combination of CVM-S4.26.M01 and the Ely-Jordan GTL:
<ul>
<li>At each mesh point in the top 700m, we calculate the Vs value from CVM-S4.26.M01, and from the Ely-Jordan GTL using a taper down to 700m.</li>
<li>We select the approach which produces the smallest Vs value, and we use the Vp, Vs, and rho from that approach.</li>
<li>We also preserve the Vp/Vs ratio, so if the Vs minimum of 500 m/s is applied, Vp will be scaled so the Vp/Vs ratio is the same.</li>
</ul>


We are planning to use CVM-S4.26 with a GTL applied, and the CVM-S4 1D background model outside of the region boundaries.

We are investigating applying the Ely-Jordan GTL down to 700 m instead of the default of 350m. We extracted profiles for a series of southern California CyberShake sites, with no GTL, a GTL applied down to 350m, and a GTL applied down to 700m.

=== Velocity Profiles ===

Corners of the Simulation region are:

<pre>
-119.38,34.13
-118.75,35.08
-116.85,34.19
-117.5,33.25
</pre>

Sites (the CVM-S4.26 basins are outlined in red):

{|
| [[File:GTL_profile_sites.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

These are for sites outside of the CVM-S4.26 basins:

{|
! Site !! No GTL !! 700m GTL !! Smaller value, extracted from mesh !! 3 sec comparison curve Study 15.4 w/no taper and v3.3.1, Study 22.12 w/taper and v5.5.2
|-
! LAPD
| [[File:cvmsi_default_LAPD.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_LAPD.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LAPD_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LAPD_3875_v_9538_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-

! s764
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s764.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s764.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s764_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s764_4248_v_9530_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! s568
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s568.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s568.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s568_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s568_4148_v_9489_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! s035
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s035.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s035.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s035_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s035_3981_v_9601_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-

! PERR
| [[File:cvmsi_default_PERR.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_PERR.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PERR_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PERR_3951_v_9330_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! MRVY
| [[File:cvmsi_default_MRVY.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_MRVY.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MRVY_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MRVY_3920_v_9565_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! s211
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s211.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s211.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s211_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s211_4033_v_9435_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-

|}

These are for sites inside of the CVM-S4.26 basins:

{|
! Site !! No GTL !! 700m GTL !! Smaller value !! 3 sec comparison curve Study 15.4 w/no taper and v3.3.1, Study 22.12 w/taper and v5.5.2
|-
! s117
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s117.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s117.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s117_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s117_4004_v_9415_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:cvmsi_default_USC.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_USC.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_3970_v_9306_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:cvmsi_default_WNGC.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_WNGC.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_3861_v_9314_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! PEDL
| [[File:cvmsi_default_PEDL.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_PEDL.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PEDL_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PEDL_3950_v_9336_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! SBSM
| [[File:cvmsi_default_SBSM.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_SBSM.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SBSM_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SBSM_3880_v_9320_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! SVD
| [[File:cvmsi_default_SVD.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_SVD.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SVD_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SVD_4225_v_9647_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
|}

=== Merged Taper Algorithm ===

Our algorithm for generating the velocity model, which we are calling the 'merged taper', is as follows:

#Set the surface mesh point to a depth of 25m.
#Query the CVM-S4.26.M01 model ('cvmsi' string in UCVM) for each grid point.
#Calculate the Ely taper at that point using 700m as the transition depth. Note that the Ely taper uses the Thompson Vs30 values in constraining the taper near the surface.
#Compare the values before and after the taper modification; at each grid point down to the transition depth, use the value from the method with the lower Vs value.
#Check values for Vp/Vs ratio, minimum Vs, Inf/NaNs, etc.

=== Value constraints ===

We impose the following constraints (in this order) on velocity mesh values. The ones in bold are new for Study 22.12.

#Vs >= 500 m/s. If lower, Calculate the Vp/Vs ratio. Set Vs=500, and Vp=Vs*(Vp/Vs ratio) [which in this case is Vp=500*(Vp/Vs ratio)].
#Vp >= 1700 m/s. If lower, Vp is set to 1700.
#rho = 1700 km/m3. If lower, rho is set to 1700.
#Vp/Vs >= 1.45. If not, Vs is set to Vp/1.45.

=== Cross-sections ===

Below are cross-sections of the TEST site velocity model at depths down to 600m for CVM-S4.26.M01, the taper to 700m, the lesser of the two values, and the % difference.

Note that the top two slices use a different color scale.

{|
! Depth !! CVM-S4.26.M01 !! Ely taper to 700m !! Selecting smaller value !! % difference, smaller value vs S4.26.M01
|-
! 0m (queried at 25m depth)
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z0.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z0.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z0.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z0.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 100m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z1.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z1.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z1.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z1.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 200m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z2.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z2.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z2.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z2.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 300m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z3.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z3.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z3.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z3.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 400m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z4.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z4.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z4.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z4.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 500m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z5.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z5.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z5.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z5.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 600m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z6.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z6.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z6.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z6.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

=== Implementation details ===

To support the Ely taper approach where the smaller value is selected, the following algorithmic changes were made to the CyberShake mesh generation code. Since the UCVM C API doesn't support removing models, we couldn't just add the 'elygtl' model - it would then be included in every query, and we need to run queries with and without it to make the comparison. We also must include the Ely interpolator, since all that querying the elygtl model does is populates the gtl part of the properties with the Vs30 value, and it's the interpolator which takes this and the crustal model info and generates the taper.

*The decomposition is done by either X-parallel or Y-parallel stripes, which have a constant depth. Check the depth to see if it is shallower than the transition depth.
*If so, initialize the elygtl model using ucvm_elygtl_model_init(), if uninitialized. Set the id to UCVM_MAX_MODELS-1. There's no way to get model id info from UCVM, so we use UCVM_MAX_MODELS-1 as it is 29, we are very unlikely to load 29 models, and therefore unlikely to have an id conflict.
*Change the depth value of the points to query to the transition depth. This is because we need to know the crustal model Vs value at the transition depth, so that the Ely interpolator can match it.
*Query the crustal model again, with the modified depths.
*Modify the 'domain' parameter in the properties data structure to UCVM_DOMAIN_INTERP, to indicate that we will be using an interpolator.
*Change the depth value of the points to query back to the correct depth, so that the interpolator can work correctly on them.
*Query the elygtl using ucvm_elygtl_model_query() and the correct depth.
*Call the interpolator for each point independently, using the correct depth.
*For each point, choose to use either the original crustal data or the Ely taper data, depending on which has the lower Vs.

In the future we plan for this approach to be implemented in UCVM, and we can simplify the CyberShake query code.

=== Impact on hazard ===

Below are hazard curves calculated with the old approach, and with the implementation described above, for WNGC.

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_10sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_5sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_3sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_2sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
|}

These are scatterplots for the above WNGC curves.

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
|}

=== Velocity Model Info ===

For Study 22.12, we track and use a number of velocity model-related parameters, in the database and as input to the broadband codes. Below we track where values come from and how they are used.

==== Broadband codes ====

*The code that is used to calculate high-frequency seismograms takes three parameters: vs30, vref, and vpga. vref and vpga are 500 m/s. Vs30 comes from the 'Target_Vs30' parameter in the database, which itself comes from the Thompson et al. (2020) model.
*The low-frequency site response code also has three parameters: vs30, vref, and vpga. Vs30 also comes from the 'Target_Vs30' parameter in the database, which itself comes from the Thompson (2020) model. Vref is calculated as ('Model_Vs30' database parameter) * (VsD500)/(Vs500). Vpga is 500.0.
**Model_Vs30 is calculated using a slowness average of the top 30 m from UCVM.
**VsD500 is the slowness average of the grid points at the surface, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, and 500m depth. Note that for this study, the surface grid point is populated by querying UCVM at a depth of 25m.
**Vs500 is the slowness average of the top 500m from UCVM.

==== Database values ====

The following values related to velocity structure are tracked in the database:

*Model_Vs30: This Vs30 value is calculated by taking a slowness average at 1-meter increments from [0.5, 29.5] and querying UCVM, with the merged taper applied. This value is populated in low-frequency runs, and copied over to the corresponding broadband run.
*Mesh_Vsitop_ID: This identifies what algorithm was used to populate the surface grid point. For Study 22.12, we query the model at a depth of (grid spacing/4), or 25m.
*Mesh_Vsitop: The value of the surface grid point at the site, populated using the algorithm specified in Mesh_Vsitop_ID.
*Minimum_Vs: Minimum Vs value used in generating the mesh. For Study 22.12, this is 500 m/s.
*Wills_Vs30: Wills Vs30 value. Currently this parameter is unpopulated.
*Z1_0: Z1.0 value. This is calculated by querying UCVM with the merged taper at 10m increments. If there is more than one crossing of 1000 m/s, we select the second crossing. If there is only 1 crossing, we use that.
*Z2_5: Z2.5 value. This is calculated by querying UCVM with the merged taper at 10m increments. If there is more than one crossing of 2500 m/s, we select the second crossing. If there is only 1 crossing, we use that.
*Vref_eff_ID: This identifies the algorithm used to calculate the effective vref value used in the low-frequency site response. For Study 22.12, it is Model_Vs30 * VsD500/Vs500.
*Vref_eff: This is the value obtained when following the algorithm identified in Vref_eff_ID
*Vs30_Source: Source of the Target_Vs30 value. For Study 22.12, this is Thompson et al. (2020)
*Target_Vs30: This is the value used for Vs30 when performing site response. It's populated using the source in Vs30_Source.

== Rupture Generator ==

Summary: We are using the Graves & Pitarka generator v5.5.2, the same version as used in the BBP v22.4, for Study 22.12.

=== Initial Findings ===

In determining what rupture generator to use for this study, we performed tests with WNGC, USC, PAS, and STNI, and compared hazard curves generated with v5.4.2 to those from Study 15.4:

{|
! Site !! 10 sec !! 5 sec !! 3 sec !! 2 sec
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_run8685_v_3861_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8685_v_3861_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8685_v_3861_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8685_v_3861_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:USC_run8691_v_3970_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_run8691_v_3970_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_run8691_v_3970_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_run8691_v_3970_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PAS
| [[File:PAS_run8687_v_3878_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_run8687_v_3878_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_run8687_v_3878_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_run8687_v_3878_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! STNI
| [[File:STNI_run8689_v_3873_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_run8689_v_3873_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_run8689_v_3873_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_run8689_v_3873_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

Digging in further, it appears the elevated hazard curves for WNGC at 2 and 3 seconds are predominately due to large-magnitude southern San Andreas events producing larger ground motions.

{|
| [[File:WNGC_8686_v_4293_scatter_colorbymag_3sec.png|thumb|600px|Scatter plot comparing the mean 3sec RotD50 for each rupture, between v3.3.1 and v5.4.2]]
|-
| [[File:WNGC_8686_v_4293_scatter_colorbymag_3sec_noSAFM8.png|thumb|600px|Scatter plot comparing the mean 3sec RotD50 for each rupture, between v3.3.1 and v5.4.2, SAF events>M8 excluded]]
|-
| [[File:WNGC_8686_v_4293_scatter_colorbymag_3sec_noSAFM7_5.png|thumb|600px|Scatter plot comparing the mean 3sec RotD50 for each rupture, between v3.3.1 and v5.4.2, SAF events>M7.5 excluded]]
|}

USC, PAS, and STNI also all see larger ground motions at 2-3 seconds from these same events, but the effect isn't as strong, so it only shows up in the tails of the hazard curves.

We honed in on source 68, rupture 7, a M8.45 on the southern San Andreas which produced the largest WNGC ground motions at 3 seconds, up to 5.1g. We calculated spectral plots for v3.3.1 and v5.4.2 for all 4 sites:

{|
! Site !! v3.3.1 !! v5.4.2
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_3861_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8685_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:USC_3970_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_8691_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PAS
| [[File:PAS_3878_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_8687_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! STNI
| [[File:STNI_3873_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_8689_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

=== v5.5.2 ===

We decided to try v5.5.2 of the rupture generator, which typically has less spectral content at short periods:

{|
! Site !! v3.3.1 !! v5.4.2 !! v5.5.2
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_3861_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8685_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8693_v5.5.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

==== Hazard Curves ====

Comparison hazard curves for the three rupture generators, using no taper

{|
! Site !! 10 sec !! 5 sec !! 3 sec !! 2 sec
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_rg_compare_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_rg_compare_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_rg_compare_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_rg_compare_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:USC_rg_compare_notaper_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_rg_compare_notaper_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_rg_compare_notaper_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_rg_compare_notaper_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

Comparison curves for the three rupture generators, using the smaller value in the velocity model.

{|
! Site !! 10 sec !! 5 sec !! 3 sec !! 2 sec
|-
! STNI
| [[File:STNI_rg_compare_taper_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_rg_compare_taper_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_rg_compare_taper_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_rg_compare_taper_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PAS
| [[File:PAS_rg_compare_taper_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_rg_compare_taper_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_rg_compare_taper_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_rg_compare_taper_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

==== Scatter Plots ====

Scatter plots, comparing results with v5.5.2 to results from Study 15.12 by plotting the mean ground motion for each rupture. The colors are magnitude bins (blue: <M6.5; green: M6.5-7; yellow: M7-7.5; orange: M7.5-8; red: M8+).

{|
! Site !! 10 sec !! 5 sec !! 3 sec !! 2 sec
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_8694_v_4293_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8694_v_4293_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8694_v_4293_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8694_v_4293_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! PAS
| [[File:PAS_8700_v_4282_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_8700_v_4282_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_8700_v_4282_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_8700_v_4282_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:USC_8698_v_4384_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:USC_8698_v_4384_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:USC_8698_v_4384_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:USC_8698_v_4384_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! STNI
| [[File:STNI_8702_v_4285_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:STNI_8702_v_4285_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:STNI_8702_v_4285_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:STNI_8702_v_4285_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

We intended to run with the risetime_coef modified from the previous default of 1.6 to 2.3, but due to a code bug we continued to use 1.6.

== High-frequency codes ==

For this study, we will use the Graves & Pitarka high frequency module (hb_high) from the Broadband Platform v22.4, hb_high_v6.0.5. We will use the following parameters. Parameters in bold have been changed for this study.

{|border="1"
! Parameter !! Value
|-
| stress_average || 50
|-
| rayset || 2,1,2
|-
| siteamp || 1
|-
| nbu || 4 (not used)
|-
| ifft || 0 (not used)
|-
| flol || 0.02 (not used)
|-
| fhil || 19.9 (not used)
|-
| irand || Seed used for generating SRF
|-
| tlen || Seismogram length, in sec
|-
| dt || 0.01
|-
| fmax || 10 (not used)
|-
| kappa || 0.04
|-
| qfexp || 0.6
|-
| mean_rvfac || 0.775
|-
| range_rvfac || 0.1
|-
| rvfac || Calculated using BBP hfsims_cfg.py code
|-
| shal_rvfac || 0.6
|-
| deep_rvfac || 0.6
|-
| czero || 2
|-
| c_alpha || -99
|-
| sm || -1
|-
| vr || -1
|-
| vsmoho || 999.9
|-
| nlskip || -99
|-
| vpsig || 0
|-
| vshsig || 0
|-
| rhosig || 0
|-
| qssig || 0
|-
| icflag || 1
|-
| velname || -1
|-
| fa_sig1 || 0
|-
| fa_sig2 || 0
|-
| rvsig1 || 0.1
|-
| ipdur_model || 11
|-
| ispar_adjust || 1
|-
| targ_mag || -1
|-
| fault_area || -1
|-
| default_c0 || 57
|-
| default_c1 || 34
|}

== Spectral Content around 1 Hz ==

We investigated the spectral content of the Broadband CyberShake results in the 0.5-3 second range, to look for any discontinuities.

The plot below is from WNGC, Study 15.12 (run ID 4293).

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run4293_spectral.png|thumb|400px|Spectral plot for WNGC from Study 15.12, target of 0.3676g @ 3 sec. Mean is in red.]]
|}

Below is a plot of the hypocenters from the 706 rupture variations which meet the target.

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run4293_target_event_hypos.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

These events have a different distribution than the rupture variations as a whole.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
! Fault !! Percent of target RVs !! Percent of all RVs
|-
| San Andreas || 60 || 44
|-
| Elsinore || 21 || 9
|-
| San Jacinto || 13 || 8
|-
| Other || 6 || 39
|}

Additionally, 88% of the selected events have a magnitude greater than the average for their source. 4% are average, and 8% are lower.

Below is a spectral plot but which includes all rupture variations and the overall mean (in orange).

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run4293_full_spectral.png|thumb|400px|Spectral plot for WNGC from Study 15.12, all variations.]]
|}

=== Additional Sites ===

We created spectral plots for 7 additional sites (STNI, SBSM, PAS, LGU, LBP, ALP, PLS), located here:

{|
| [[File:additional_spectral_plot_sites.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

{|
! STNI !! SBSM !! PAS !! LGU !! LBP !! ALP !! PLS
|-
| [[File:STNI_run4285_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:SBSM_run4291_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_run4282_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:LGU_run4321_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:LBP_run4317_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:ALP_run4298_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PLS_run4370_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

=== v5.5.2 ===

We created spectral plots using results produced with rupture generator v5.5.2. These results have a much less noticeable slope around 1 sec.

{|
! WNGC !! PAS !! USC !! STNI
|-
| [[File:WNGC_run8694_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_run8700_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:USC_run8698_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:STNI_run8702_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

== Seismogram Length ==

Originally we proposed a seismogram length of 500 sec. We examined seismograms for our most distance event-station pairs for this study and concluded that most stop having any meaningful signal by around 325 sec. Thus, we are reducing the seismogram length to 400 sec to ensure some margin of error.

== Validation ==

The extensive validation efforts performed in preparation for this study are documented in [[Broadband_CyberShake_Validation]].

== Updates and Enhancements ==

*New velocity model created, including Ely taper to 700m and tweaked rules for applying minimum values.
*Updated to rupture generator v5.5.2.
*CyberShake broadband codes now linked directly against BBP codes
*Added -ffast-math compiler option to hb_high code for modest speedup.
*Migrated to using OpenMP version of DirectSynth code.
*Optimized rupture generator v5.5.2.
*Verification was performed against historic events, including Northridge and Landers.

=== Lessons Learned from Previous Studies ===

<ul>
<li>Create new velocity model ID for composite model, capturing metadata.</li>
We created a new velocity model ID to capture the model used for Study 22.12.
<li>Clear disk space before study begins to avoid disk contention.</li>
On moment, we migrated old studies to focal and optimized.
At CARC, we migrated old studies to OLCF HPSS.
<li>In addition to disk space, check local inode usage.</li>
CARC and shock checked; plenty of inodes are available.
</ul>

== Output Data Products ==

=== File-based data products ===

We plan to produce the following data products, which will be stored at CARC:

==== Deterministic ====

*Seismograms: 2-component seismograms, 8000 timesteps (400 sec) each. Study 18.8 used 10k timesteps, but without the sSAF events 8k seems fine.
*PSA: X and Y spectral acceleration at 44 periods (10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.8, 4.6, 4.4, 4.2, 4, 3.8, 3.6, 3.4, 3.2, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.66667, 1.42857, 1.25, 1.11111, 1, .66667, .5, .4, .33333, .285714, .25, .22222, .2, .16667, .142857, .125, .11111, .1 sec)
*RotD: PGV, and RotD50, RotD100, and RotD100 azimuth at 25 periods (20, 15, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1)
*Durations: for X and Y components, energy integral, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), and for both velocity and acceleration, 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80%.

==== Broadband ====

*Seismograms: 2-component seismograms, 40000 timesteps (400 sec) each.
*PSA: X and Y spectral acceleration at 44 periods (10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.8, 4.6, 4.4, 4.2, 4, 3.8, 3.6, 3.4, 3.2, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.66667, 1.42857, 1.25, 1.11111, 1, .66667, .5, .4, .33333, .285714, .25, .22222, .2, .16667, .142857, .125, .11111, .1 sec)
*RotD: PGA, PGV, and RotD50, RotD100, and RotD100 azimuth at 66 periods (20, 15, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.85, 0.75, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.28, 0.26, 0.24, 0.22, 0.2, 0.17, 0.15, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.1, 0.085, 0.075, 0.065, 0.06, 0.055, 0.05, 0.045, 0.04, 0.035, 0.032, 0.029, 0.025, 0.022, 0.02, 0.017, 0.015, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01)
*Durations: for X and Y components, energy integral, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), and for both velocity and acceleration, 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80%.

=== Database data products ===

We plan to store the following data products in the database on moment:

==== Deterministic ====

*RotD50 and RotD100 for 6 periods (10, 7.5, 5, 4, 3, 2)
*Duration: acceleration 5-75% and 5-95%, for both X and Y

==== Broadband ====

*RotD50 and RotD100 for PGA, PGV, and 19 periods (10, 7.5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.075, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01)
*Duration: acceleration 5-75% and 5-95%, for both X and Y

== Computational and Data Estimates ==

=== Computational Estimates ===

We based these estimates on scaling from the average of sites USC, STNI, PAS, and WNGC, which have within 1% of the average number of variations per site.

{| class="wikitable"
|+SGT calculation
! !! UCVM runtime !! UCVM nodes !! SGT runtime (both components) !! SGT nodes !! Other SGT workflow jobs !! Summit Total
|-
! 4 site average
| 436 sec || 50 || 3776 sec || 67 || 8700 node-sec || 78.8 node-hrs
|}

78.8 node-hrs x 335 sites + 10% overrun margin gives us an estimate of 29.0k node-hours for SGT calculation.

{| class="wikitable"
|+PP calculation, with the OpenMP optimization
! !! DirectSynth runtime !! DirectSynth nodes !! Summit Total
|-
! 4 site average
| 31000 || 92 || 792
|}

792 node-hours x 335 sites + 10% overrun margin gives an estimate of 292k node-hours for post-processing.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Broadband calculation
! !! PMC runtime !! PMC nodes !! Summit Total
|-
! 4 site average
| 31500 || 92 || 805
|}

805 node-hrs x 335 sites + 10% overrun margin gives an estimate of 297k node-hours for broadband calculations.

=== Data Estimates ===

==== Summit ====

On average, each site contains 626,000 rupture variations.

These estimates assume a 400 sec seismogram.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Data estimates
! !! Velocity mesh !! SGTs size !! Temp data !! Output data
|-
! 4 site average (GB)
| 177 || 1533 || 1533 || 225
|-
! Total for 335 sites (TB)
| 57.8 || 501.4 || 501.4 || 73.6
|}

==== CARC ====

We estimate 225.6 GB/site x 335 sites = 73.8 TB in output data, which will be transferred back to CARC. After transferring Study 13.4 and 14.2, we have 66 TB free at CARC, so additional data will need to be moved.

==== shock-carc ====

The study should use approximately 737 GB in workflow log space on /home/shock. This drive has approximately 1.5 TB free.

==== moment database ====

The PeakAmplitudes table uses approximately 99 bytes per entry.

99 bytes/entry * 34 entries/event (11 det + 25 stoch) * 622,636 events/site * 335 sites = 654 GB. The drive on moment with the mysql database has 771 GB free, so we will plan to migrate Study 18.8 off of moment to free up additional room.

== Workflow invocation ==

The invocations used to create full integrated workflows (which is how most sites were run) was:

$>./create_full_wf.sh -s <site> -v vtaper -e 36 -r 10 -g 8 -f 1.0 -q 2.0 -bb --server moment.usc.edu --sgtargs -ns -dep 50.0 -et ifless -td 700.0 -hf 0.25 --ppargs -ds -nb -r -du -dbrs --bbargs --h_fraction 0.25 -mf 1.0 -sf 50.0

For stochastic workflows alone it was:

$>./create_stoch_wf.sh -l <low-frequency run id> -s <site> -e 36 -r 10 -f 1.0 --h_fraction 0.25 -mf 1.0 -sf 50.0 -dbrs -sf 50.0

== Lessons Learned ==

* Make sure database space estimates include both RotD50 and RotD100 values, and also include the space required for indices.

* Add sanity checks on all intensity measures inserted, not just the geometric means (which aren't being inserted anymore).

* Test all types of bundled glidein jobs before the production run. (The AWP jobs ran fine, but we had issues with the DirectSynth jobs).

* Make sure all appropriate velocity fields in the DB are being populated.

* Come up with a solution to the out/err file issue with the BB runs. With file-per-worker, PMC gets a seg fault when the final output is combined. With file-per-task, we end up with 160k files and the filesystem becomes angry.

=== Subfault Perturbation ===

After running Study 24.8, we discovered that the SRF generation for both Study 22.12 and 24.8 had a misunderstanding leading to small but unintended consequences.

Both studies were run with perturb_subfault_location=1 in the rupture generator. This setting results in the location (lat/lon/depth) of the subfaults being perturbed slightly to capture fault roughness. Therefore, the subfault, or fault surface point, locations in the produced SRF are slightly different from the locations as listed in the rupture geometry file.

To save I/O, CyberShake uses the locations in the rupture geometry file to determine where to save the SGTs (in the PreSGT step), and also to determine where to read the SGTs from. Therefore, even if the subfault perturbations would shift the SGTs which are used, these shifts are ignored and don't have any impact in which SGTs are selected. Thus, running with perturb_subfault_location=1 results in the same low-frequency seismogram as with perturb_subfault_location=0, since the same SGTs would be used in both cases.

In the high-frequency stochastic runs, results are slightly different with perturb_subfault_location=1, because the distance calculations are slightly different.

Another place where the differences show up - and where this issue was diagnosed - is in the hypocenter locations in the database. If hypocenters are derived using perturb_subfault_location=1, they will be mapped to the nearest perturbed location, so when the hypocenters are plotted up it will result in a "fuzzy" fault trace rather than a sharp one. Since the SGTs were along the unperturbed locations, it is more accurate to regenerate SRFs with perturb_subfault_location off and then calculate hypocenters from these SRFs.

== Stress Test ==

As of 12/17/22, user callag has run 13627 jobs and consumed 71936.9 node-hours on Summit.

/home/shock on shock-carc has 1544778288 blocks free.

The stress test started at 15:47:42 PST on 12/17/22.

The stress test completed at 13:32:20 PST on 1/7/23, for an elapsed time of 501.7 hours.

As of 1/10/23, user callag has run 14204 jobs and consumed 115430.8 node-hours on Summit.

This works out to 2174.7 node-hours per site, 29.7% more than the initial estimate of 1675.8.

=== Issues Discovered ===

*The cronjob submission script on shock-carc was assigning Summit as the SGT and PP host, meaning that summit-pilot wasn't considered in planning.
We removed assignment of SGT and PP host at workflow creation time.
*Pegasus was trying to transfer some files from CARC to shock-carc /tmp. Since CARC is accessed via the GO protocol, but /tmp isn't served through GO, there doesn't seem to be a way to do this.
Reverted to custom pegasus-transfer wrapper until Pegasus group can modify Pegasus so that files aren't transferred to /tmp which aren't used in the planning process. This will probably be some time in January.
*Runtimes for DirectSynth jobs are much slower (over 10 hours) than in testing.
Increased the permitted memory size from 1.5 GB to 1.8 GB, to reduce the number of tasks and (hopefully) get better data reuse.
*Velocity info job, which determines Vs30, Vs500, and VsD500 for site correction, doesn't apply the taper when calculating these values.
Modified the velocity info job to use the taper when calculating various velocity parameters.
*Velocity params job, which populated the database with Vs30, Z1.0, and Z2.5, doesn't apply the taper.
Modified the velocity params job to use the taper.
*Velocity parameters aren't being added to the broadband runs, just the low-frequency runs.
Added a new job to the DAX generator to insert the Vs30 value from the velocity info file, and copy Z1.0 and Z2.5 from the low-frequency run.
*Minimum Vs value isn't being added to the DB.
Modified the Run Manager to insert a default minimum Vs value of 500 m/s in the DB when a new run is created.

== Events During Study ==

*For some reason (slow filesystem?), several of the serial jobs, like PreCVM and PreSGT, kept failing due to wallclock time expiration. I adjusted the wallclock times up to avoid this.

*In testing, runtimes for the AWP_SGT jobs were around 35 minutes, so we set our pilot job run times to 40 minutes. However, this was not enough time for the AWP_SGT jobs during production, so the work would start over with every pilot job. We increased runtime to 45 minutes, but that still wasn't enough for some jobs, so we increased it again to 60 minutes. This comes at the cost of increased overhead, since the time between the end of the job and the hour is basically lost, but it is better than having jobs never finish.

*We finished the SGT calculations on 1/26.

*On 2/1 we found and fixed an issue with the OpenSHA calculation of locations, which resulted in a mismatch between the CyberShake DB source ID/rupture ID and the source ID/rupture ID in OpenSHA. This affected scatterplots and disaggregation calculations, so all disagg calcs done before this date need to be redone.

*On 2/2 we found that the DirectSynth jobs running in the pilot jobs which are bundled into 10 are segfaulting within the first ~10 sec, before any log files are written. We confirmed this issue doesn't happen with the single-node glidein jobs, and reverted back to those. We will try tests with bundles of 2 jobs to see if we can identify the issue.

*We started getting excellent throughput during the week of 1/30. So as not to use up the allocation, we paused deterministic post-processing calculations on 2/8. We got approval to 2/10 to continue running without penalty, and resumed the deterministic post-processing then.

*We finished the deterministic calculations on 2/22.

*On 2/27, we got an email from OLCF about excessive load from the BB jobs on the GPFS filesystem. We are writing more files with the BB jobs - about 150k per run - but a bigger issue may be the file-per-task I/O that we turned on, increasing the number of err & out files from 6k to 160k. We turned that on to try to prevent the segfaults we were seeing when the workflow finished and the manager was trying to merge all the I/O back in. However, we may need to take that hit so we can maintain a higher number of jobs. Currently OLCF has reduced us to 4 simultaneous jobs, which means it will take about 2 weeks to finish up the BB runs.

*Looking at the initial hazard map, we identified 3 sites with way-too-low ground motions. Digging in, all the RotD values are O(1e-30). This is because the SGTs were not transferred correctly, and even though the check jobs failed, the DirectSynth job ran, the files were transferred back to CARC, the data was inserted into the DB, and curves were generated. The check that we have on the intensity measures upon insertion is only for the geometric mean values, so this should be added to the RotD values as well.

*The broadband calculations finished on 3/6, with the rerun of s003. We just have the DB insertions for about 70% of the BB runs remaining.

=== Database Space Issue ===

On 2/23, we began noticing the free space on moment rapidly disappearing. In 24 hours it was reduced from 310 GB to 140 GB, with still about 75% of the broadband runs remaining.

Additionally, this coincided with many errors with inserting data. What we see happening is that the loading of amplitudes aborts after awhile, but doesn't return an error. Then, when the check job runs, not all the needed rupture variations are present, and the workflow aborts at this step.

The space issue happened because we made two mistakes when calculating the data size. The first is that we did not take into account the size of the indices for each entry in the PeakAmplitudes table, which is about the same size as the data itself. The second is that we forgot that we were also inserting RotD100 values for all 21 broadband periods, not just RotD50, so that's another factor of 2.

With these new values, data + index sizes for the PeakAmplitudes table average 269 bytes/row. Each broadband run has about 620k rupture variations, and we're inserting 21 periods * 2 RotD values + 4 durations for each variation. This works out to 269 bytes/IM * 46 IMs/variation * 622k variations/site = 7.2 GB/site, or 2.4 TB for the entire study.

==== Mitigation ====

The immediate issues are:
#Failed database insertions are preventing sites from finishing.
#Moment will run out of space before the study completes.

These are the planned steps to be able to resume the study:
#Pause the broadband runs.
#Create a cronjob on shock-carc which will kill workflows when they hit the Load_Amps stage. This will avoid using extra space on the DB, but will make it easy to resume once more space is freed.
#Restart broadband workflows, knowing they'll be stopped when they get to the database stage.

Ultimately, we need to populate moment to be able to support access and comparisons. Currently, we need 1800 GB and we have 100 GB.
#Drop Study 17.3 from the PeakAmps table. This study has 4.5 billion rows. There is some uncertainty about how much space this will free up, but it's a minimum of 1140 GB. This increases our available space to 1240 GB.
#Assess how much space is available. If more space is required, consider dropping some of the test runs in the DB which we no longer need.
#Remove cronjob which kills workflows in Load_Amps stage.
#Restart workflows which were stopped at Load_Amps stage.
#Clean up and restart workflows with database insertion issues.

On 3/12, we ran out of database space with 93 sites remaining to be inserted, about 670 GB.
#I reduced the size of the 2 log files from 2 GB to 1 GB, freeing up 2 GB on the database disk.
#I created a temporary file 1 GB in size, so we could delete in in the future and have a little breathing room.
#I switched MariaDB's temporary space from /export/moment, which is basically full, to /tmp, which has about 60 GB of space.
#Since Study 15.12 has already been migrated to focal, we will delete Study 15.12 off moment. This should free up approximately 1460 GB, which should be plenty of space. We could consider stopping after about 200 deleted sites to speed up inserts.
#We will then restart workflow population.
#Once the study is complete, we will attach a temporary drive of 500 GB - 1 TB to moment to use as mysql temp, and then run optimize table to clean up the fragmentation and get back disk space.
#Once disk space is reclaimed, the temporary drive can be removed and we can begin migrating data into sqlite databases and moment-carc.

==== Status ====

On 2/24, moment has 134 GB free. We've stopped running new workflows and are just letting the ones currently running finish.

We began the Study 17.3 deletions the evening of 2/24. We expect they will take about a week.

We resumed the workflows the evening of 2/24, with a cronjob on shock to kill workflows when they hit the Load_Amps stage. This is for workflows starting with ID 9896

On 2/27, we started cleaning up the runs which had incomplete inserts.

The Study 17.3 deletions finished on 3/3. We then ran 'analyze table' to see if that updates the information_schema info, but it didn't. Based on the number of rows deleted, we estimate we've freed around 1100 GB.

On 3/4, we queued up deletions of all the runs with incomplete inserts.

On 3/12, we ran out of disk space on moment, with about 25% of the broadband runs remaining to be inserted. We started deleting Study 15.12 off moment. To give it a head start, we found some runs which haven't finished their BB processing, so we turned back on the cronjob which kills workflows at the LoadAmps stage and are resuming the BB processing for these jobs.

== Post-study directionality investigation ==

Alan Poulos and Evan Hirakawa investigated the directionality of the ground motions from this study in early 2025, comparing the azimuths of the largest and smallest ground motions and comparing their ratios. As a result of this work, they found a handful of sites with essentially infinite ratios, because the ground motions were entirely polarized, with 0 ground motion along one azimuth. Additionally, the maximum and minimum azimuths aligned with the box angles.

We investigated these sites more closely. We confirmed that we see the same directionality in both the low-frequency and broadband results, and in the RotD100 azimuths we calculated. Looking at the workflow logs for these sites, we found that all of these sites had problems in their CheckSGT jobs. These are the jobs that run at the beginning of the post-processing workflow to confirm that the MD5sum for the SGT file matches the previously calculated MD5sum. For these sites, the X component check never ran, and the Y component check ran multiple times and failed because the MD5sums didn't match. This is probably due to a number of issues we had with the Summit filesystem during the study. The SGTs and MD5sums were copied from a temporary working directory to an SGT storage directory, and then the post-processing workflows symlinked to the storage directory. We had a number of problems with the copy from the temporary working directory to the storage directory. Sometimes Globus would record that the copy had completed successfully, but the file in the storage directory was incomplete. We thought we'd identified and fixed these issues for all the sites that experienced them but some slipped through.

s187, P5, P8, P24, PLS, s632, and s541 all had this problem with a checksum mismatch. The checks for s319 also failed due to I/O errors.

=== Recovery ===

To fix this issue, we will regenerate results for these 8 sites. Summit has been decommissioned, so we will calculate the SGTs on Frontier and perform the PP on Frontera, as we did for Study 24.8.

== Performance Metrics ==

At the start of the main study, user callag had run 14466 jobs and used 116506.7 node-hours on the GEO112 allocation on Summit.

The main study began on 1/17/23 at 22:34:11 PST.

The main study ended on 4/4/23 at 04:46:40 PDT, for a main study elapsed time of 1829.2 hours.

At the end of the main study, user callag had run 25320 jobs and used 845339.1 node-hours on the GEO112 allocation.

=== Application Level Metrics ===

*We used 728832.4 node-hours for the main study + 43493.9 for the stress test = 772326.3 node-hours total.
*We used 772326.3 node-hrs / 2330.9 hrs = an average of 331.3 nodes throughout the study, or 7.1% of Summit.
*We ran a total of 965 top-level workflows: 20 for the stress test sites + 3*315 for the other sites.
*We ran 20*83 + 315*(26+27+31) = 28,120 jobs successfully (retries are tracked elsewhere).
**Integrated workflow: 10 jobs (3 dir create, 1 stage) + AWP + PreDS + DS + BB + 2*DB + post = 83
**SGT workflow: 6 jobs (2 dir create, 1 stage) + AWP = 26
**PP workflow: 1 job (1 dir create) + PreDS + DS + Post + DB = 27
**Stoch workflow: 8 jobs (3 dir create, 1 stage) + BB + DB + Post = 31
**AWP subworkflow: 20 jobs (2 dir create, 3 stage, 2 register)
**PreDS subworkflow: 7 jobs (2 dir create, 1 stage)
**DS subworkflow: 6 jobs (1 dir create, 3 stage, 2 register)
**BB subworkflow: 10 jobs (2 dir create, 3 stage, 1 register)
**DB subworkflow: 10 jobs (2 dir create)
**Post subworkflow: 3 jobs (1 dir create)
*420 million two-component seismograms were calculated.
*2.5 PB of data managed.
*75 TB of data transferred back to CARC storage.

== Site Response Analysis ==

After the study completed, we did additional analysis on the impact of the low-frequency site response. This work is documented here: [[Low Frequency Site Response]].

== Production Checklist ==

=== Science to-dos ===

*<s>Run WNGC and USC with updated velocity model.</s>
*<s>Redo validation for Northridge and Landers with updated velocity model, risetime_coef=2.3, and hb_high v6.1.1.</s>
*<s>For each validation event, calculate BBP results, CS results</s>
*<s>Check for spectral discontinuities around 1 Hz</s>
*<s>Decide if we should stick with rvfrac=0.8 or allow it to vary</s>
*<s>Determine appropriate SGT, low-frequency, and high-frequency seismogram durations</s>
*<s>Update high-frequency Vs30 to use released Thompson values</s>
*<s>Modify RupGen-v5.5.2 into CyberShake API</s>
*<s>Test RupGen-v5.5.2</s>
*<s>Update to using v6.1.1 of hb_high.</s>
*<s>Add metadata to DB for merged taper velocity model.</s>
*<s>Check boundary conditions.</s>
*<s>Check that Te-Yang's kernel fix is being used.</s>

=== Technical to-dos ===

*<s>Integrate refactoring of BBP codes into latest BBP release</s>
*<s>Switch to using github repo version of CyberShake on Summit</s>
*<s>Update to latest UCVM (v22.7)</s>
*<s>Switch to optimized version of rupture generator</s>
*<s>Test DirectSynth code with fixed memory leak from Frontera</s>
*<s>Switch to using Pegasus-supported interface to Globus transfers.</s>
*<s>Test bundled glide-in jobs for SGT and DirectSynth jobs</s>
*<s>Fix seg fault in PMC running broadband processing</s>
*<s>Update curve generation to generate curves with more points</s>
*<s>Test OpenMP version of DirectSynth</s>
*<s>Migrate Study 18.8 from moment to focal.</s>
*<s>Delete Study 18.8 off of moment.</s>
*<s>Optimize PeakAmplitudes table on moment.</s>
*<s>Move Study 13.4 output files from CARC to OLCF HPSS.</s>
*<s>Move Study 14.2 output files from CARC to OLCF HPSS.</s>
*<s>Switch to using OMP version of DS code by default.</s>
*<s>Review wiki content.</s>
*<s>Switch to using Python 3.9 on shock.</s>
*<s>Confirm PGA and PGV are being calculated and inserted into the DB.</s>
*<s>Drop rupture variations and seeds tables for RV ID 9, in case we need to put back together for SQLite running.</s>
*<s>Change to Pegasus 5.0.3 on shock-carc.</s>
*<s>Tag code.</s>

== Presentations, Posters, and Papers ==

Science Readiness Review: [[File:Study_22_12_Science_Readiness_Review.pdf|PDF]], [[:File:Study_22_12_Science_Readiness_Review.odp|ODP]]

Technical Readiness Review: [[File:Study_22_12_Technical_Readiness_Review.pdf|PDF]], [[:File:Study_22_12_Technical_Readiness_Review.odp|ODP]]

== References ==

Details about the Graves & Pitarka stochastic approach used in the SCEC Broadband Platform, v22.4, the same as is used in this study: [https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210138]

The merged taper was based off work by Hu, Olsen, and Day showing that a 700-1000m taper improves the fit between synthetics and data for La Habra: [https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac175]

CyberShake Study 22.12

2026-10-08T06:20:46Z

Scottcal:

CyberShake Study 22.12 is a study in Southern California which includes deterministic low-frequency (0-1 Hz) and stochastic high-frequency (1-50 Hz) simulations. We used the [[Rupture_Variation_Generator_v5.5.2|Graves & Pitarka (2022)]] rupture generator and the high frequency modules from the SCEC Broadband Platform v22.4.

== Status ==

This study is complete. We are currently performing analysis of the results.

== Data Products ==

=== Low-frequency ===

*[https://opensha.usc.edu/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_22_12_lf/hazard_maps/ Low-frequency hazard maps, including comparisons to Study 15.4]

==== Change from Study 15.4 ====

Here's a table with the overall averaged differences between Study 15.4 and 22.12 at 2% in 50 years.

Negative difference and ratios less than 1 indicate smaller Study 22.12 results.

{| border="1" cellpadding="5"
! Period !! Difference (22.12-15.4) !! Ratio (22.12/15.4)
|-
! 2 sec
| 0.0445 g
| 1.162
|-
! 3 sec
| -0.00883 g
| 0.988
|-
! 5 sec
| -0.0200 g
| 0.0901
|-
! 10 sec
| -0.00846
| 0.882
|}

=== Broadband ===

*[https://opensha.usc.edu/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_22_12_hf/hazard_maps/ Broadband hazard maps, including comparisons to Study 15.12]

== Science Goals ==

The science goals for this study are:

*Calculate a regional CyberShake model for southern California using an updated rupture generator.
*Calculate an updated broadband CyberShake model.
*Sample variability in rupture velocity as part of the rupture generator.
*Increase hypocentral density, from 4.5 km to 4 km.

== Technical Goals ==

The technical goals for this study are:

*Use an optimized OpenMP version of the post-processing code.
*Bundle the SGT and post-processing jobs to run on large Condor glide-ins, taking advantage of queue policies favoring large jobs.
*Perform the largest CyberShake study to date.

== Sites ==

We will use the standard 335 southern California sites (same as Study 21.12). The order of execution will be:

*Stress test sites ([[Media:Study_22_12_stress_test_sites_names.kml|site list here]])
*Sites of interest
*20 km grid
*10 km grid
*Selected 5 km grid sites

{|
| [[File:Study_22.10_site_map.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

*[[:Media:Study_22.10_sites.csv|CSV site list]]
*[[Media:Study_22.10_sites_names.kml|KML site list with names]]
*[[Media:Study_22.10_sites_no_names.kml|KML site list without names]]

== Velocity Model ==

Summary: We are using a velocity model which is a combination of CVM-S4.26.M01 and the Ely-Jordan GTL:
<ul>
<li>At each mesh point in the top 700m, we calculate the Vs value from CVM-S4.26.M01, and from the Ely-Jordan GTL using a taper down to 700m.</li>
<li>We select the approach which produces the smallest Vs value, and we use the Vp, Vs, and rho from that approach.</li>
<li>We also preserve the Vp/Vs ratio, so if the Vs minimum of 500 m/s is applied, Vp will be scaled so the Vp/Vs ratio is the same.</li>
</ul>


We are planning to use CVM-S4.26 with a GTL applied, and the CVM-S4 1D background model outside of the region boundaries.

We are investigating applying the Ely-Jordan GTL down to 700 m instead of the default of 350m. We extracted profiles for a series of southern California CyberShake sites, with no GTL, a GTL applied down to 350m, and a GTL applied down to 700m.

=== Velocity Profiles ===

Corners of the Simulation region are:

<pre>
-119.38,34.13
-118.75,35.08
-116.85,34.19
-117.5,33.25
</pre>

Sites (the CVM-S4.26 basins are outlined in red):

{|
| [[File:GTL_profile_sites.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

These are for sites outside of the CVM-S4.26 basins:

{|
! Site !! No GTL !! 700m GTL !! Smaller value, extracted from mesh !! 3 sec comparison curve Study 15.4 w/no taper and v3.3.1, Study 22.12 w/taper and v5.5.2
|-
! LAPD
| [[File:cvmsi_default_LAPD.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_LAPD.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LAPD_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LAPD_3875_v_9538_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-

! s764
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s764.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s764.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s764_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s764_4248_v_9530_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! s568
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s568.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s568.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s568_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s568_4148_v_9489_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! s035
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s035.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s035.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s035_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s035_3981_v_9601_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-

! PERR
| [[File:cvmsi_default_PERR.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_PERR.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PERR_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PERR_3951_v_9330_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! MRVY
| [[File:cvmsi_default_MRVY.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_MRVY.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MRVY_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MRVY_3920_v_9565_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! s211
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s211.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s211.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s211_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s211_4033_v_9435_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-

|}

These are for sites inside of the CVM-S4.26 basins:

{|
! Site !! No GTL !! 700m GTL !! Smaller value !! 3 sec comparison curve Study 15.4 w/no taper and v3.3.1, Study 22.12 w/taper and v5.5.2
|-
! s117
| [[File:cvmsi_default_s117.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_s117.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s117_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s117_4004_v_9415_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:cvmsi_default_USC.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_USC.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_3970_v_9306_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:cvmsi_default_WNGC.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_WNGC.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_3861_v_9314_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! PEDL
| [[File:cvmsi_default_PEDL.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_PEDL.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PEDL_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PEDL_3950_v_9336_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! SBSM
| [[File:cvmsi_default_SBSM.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_SBSM.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SBSM_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SBSM_3880_v_9320_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
! SVD
| [[File:cvmsi_default_SVD.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvmsi_elygtl_ely_z_700m_SVD.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SVD_ifless_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SVD_4225_v_9647_3sec.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
|}

=== Merged Taper Algorithm ===

Our algorithm for generating the velocity model, which we are calling the 'merged taper', is as follows:

#Set the surface mesh point to a depth of 25m.
#Query the CVM-S4.26.M01 model ('cvmsi' string in UCVM) for each grid point.
#Calculate the Ely taper at that point using 700m as the transition depth. Note that the Ely taper uses the Thompson Vs30 values in constraining the taper near the surface.
#Compare the values before and after the taper modification; at each grid point down to the transition depth, use the value from the method with the lower Vs value.
#Check values for Vp/Vs ratio, minimum Vs, Inf/NaNs, etc.

=== Value constraints ===

We impose the following constraints (in this order) on velocity mesh values. The ones in bold are new for Study 22.12.

#Vs >= 500 m/s. If lower, Calculate the Vp/Vs ratio. Set Vs=500, and Vp=Vs*(Vp/Vs ratio) [which in this case is Vp=500*(Vp/Vs ratio)].
#Vp >= 1700 m/s. If lower, Vp is set to 1700.
#rho = 1700 km/m3. If lower, rho is set to 1700.
#Vp/Vs >= 1.45. If not, Vs is set to Vp/1.45.

=== Cross-sections ===

Below are cross-sections of the TEST site velocity model at depths down to 600m for CVM-S4.26.M01, the taper to 700m, the lesser of the two values, and the % difference.

Note that the top two slices use a different color scale.

{|
! Depth !! CVM-S4.26.M01 !! Ely taper to 700m !! Selecting smaller value !! % difference, smaller value vs S4.26.M01
|-
! 0m (queried at 25m depth)
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z0.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z0.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z0.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z0.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 100m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z1.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z1.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z1.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z1.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 200m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z2.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z2.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z2.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z2.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 300m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z3.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z3.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z3.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z3.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 400m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z4.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z4.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z4.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z4.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 500m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z5.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z5.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z5.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z5.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 600m
| [[File:TEST_none_horiz_z6.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_all_horiz_z6.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_ifless_horiz_z6.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:TEST_percentdiff_horiz_z6.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

=== Implementation details ===

To support the Ely taper approach where the smaller value is selected, the following algorithmic changes were made to the CyberShake mesh generation code. Since the UCVM C API doesn't support removing models, we couldn't just add the 'elygtl' model - it would then be included in every query, and we need to run queries with and without it to make the comparison. We also must include the Ely interpolator, since all that querying the elygtl model does is populates the gtl part of the properties with the Vs30 value, and it's the interpolator which takes this and the crustal model info and generates the taper.

*The decomposition is done by either X-parallel or Y-parallel stripes, which have a constant depth. Check the depth to see if it is shallower than the transition depth.
*If so, initialize the elygtl model using ucvm_elygtl_model_init(), if uninitialized. Set the id to UCVM_MAX_MODELS-1. There's no way to get model id info from UCVM, so we use UCVM_MAX_MODELS-1 as it is 29, we are very unlikely to load 29 models, and therefore unlikely to have an id conflict.
*Change the depth value of the points to query to the transition depth. This is because we need to know the crustal model Vs value at the transition depth, so that the Ely interpolator can match it.
*Query the crustal model again, with the modified depths.
*Modify the 'domain' parameter in the properties data structure to UCVM_DOMAIN_INTERP, to indicate that we will be using an interpolator.
*Change the depth value of the points to query back to the correct depth, so that the interpolator can work correctly on them.
*Query the elygtl using ucvm_elygtl_model_query() and the correct depth.
*Call the interpolator for each point independently, using the correct depth.
*For each point, choose to use either the original crustal data or the Ely taper data, depending on which has the lower Vs.

In the future we plan for this approach to be implemented in UCVM, and we can simplify the CyberShake query code.

=== Impact on hazard ===

Below are hazard curves calculated with the old approach, and with the implementation described above, for WNGC.

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_10sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_5sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_3sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_2sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
|}

These are scatterplots for the above WNGC curves.

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8695_v_8693_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|black=using CVM-S4.26.M01,blue=using approach with smaller Vs|400px]]
|}

=== Velocity Model Info ===

For Study 22.12, we track and use a number of velocity model-related parameters, in the database and as input to the broadband codes. Below we track where values come from and how they are used.

==== Broadband codes ====

*The code that is used to calculate high-frequency seismograms takes three parameters: vs30, vref, and vpga. vref and vpga are 500 m/s. Vs30 comes from the 'Target_Vs30' parameter in the database, which itself comes from the Thompson et al. (2020) model.
*The low-frequency site response code also has three parameters: vs30, vref, and vpga. Vs30 also comes from the 'Target_Vs30' parameter in the database, which itself comes from the Thompson (2020) model. Vref is calculated as ('Model_Vs30' database parameter) * (VsD500)/(Vs500). Vpga is 500.0.
**Model_Vs30 is calculated using a slowness average of the top 30 m from UCVM.
**VsD500 is the slowness average of the grid points at the surface, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, and 500m depth. Note that for this study, the surface grid point is populated by querying UCVM at a depth of 25m.
**Vs500 is the slowness average of the top 500m from UCVM.

==== Database values ====

The following values related to velocity structure are tracked in the database:

*Model_Vs30: This Vs30 value is calculated by taking a slowness average at 1-meter increments from [0.5, 29.5] and querying UCVM, with the merged taper applied. This value is populated in low-frequency runs, and copied over to the corresponding broadband run.
*Mesh_Vsitop_ID: This identifies what algorithm was used to populate the surface grid point. For Study 22.12, we query the model at a depth of (grid spacing/4), or 25m.
*Mesh_Vsitop: The value of the surface grid point at the site, populated using the algorithm specified in Mesh_Vsitop_ID.
*Minimum_Vs: Minimum Vs value used in generating the mesh. For Study 22.12, this is 500 m/s.
*Wills_Vs30: Wills Vs30 value. Currently this parameter is unpopulated.
*Z1_0: Z1.0 value. This is calculated by querying UCVM with the merged taper at 10m increments. If there is more than one crossing of 1000 m/s, we select the second crossing. If there is only 1 crossing, we use that.
*Z2_5: Z2.5 value. This is calculated by querying UCVM with the merged taper at 10m increments. If there is more than one crossing of 2500 m/s, we select the second crossing. If there is only 1 crossing, we use that.
*Vref_eff_ID: This identifies the algorithm used to calculate the effective vref value used in the low-frequency site response. For Study 22.12, it is Model_Vs30 * VsD500/Vs500.
*Vref_eff: This is the value obtained when following the algorithm identified in Vref_eff_ID
*Vs30_Source: Source of the Target_Vs30 value. For Study 22.12, this is Thompson et al. (2020)
*Target_Vs30: This is the value used for Vs30 when performing site response. It's populated using the source in Vs30_Source.

== Rupture Generator ==

Summary: We are using the Graves & Pitarka generator v5.5.2, the same version as used in the BBP v22.4, for Study 22.12.

=== Initial Findings ===

In determining what rupture generator to use for this study, we performed tests with WNGC, USC, PAS, and STNI, and compared hazard curves generated with v5.4.2 to those from Study 15.4:

{|
! Site !! 10 sec !! 5 sec !! 3 sec !! 2 sec
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_run8685_v_3861_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8685_v_3861_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8685_v_3861_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_run8685_v_3861_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:USC_run8691_v_3970_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_run8691_v_3970_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_run8691_v_3970_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_run8691_v_3970_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PAS
| [[File:PAS_run8687_v_3878_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_run8687_v_3878_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_run8687_v_3878_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_run8687_v_3878_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! STNI
| [[File:STNI_run8689_v_3873_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_run8689_v_3873_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_run8689_v_3873_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_run8689_v_3873_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

Digging in further, it appears the elevated hazard curves for WNGC at 2 and 3 seconds are predominately due to large-magnitude southern San Andreas events producing larger ground motions.

{|
| [[File:WNGC_8686_v_4293_scatter_colorbymag_3sec.png|thumb|600px|Scatter plot comparing the mean 3sec RotD50 for each rupture, between v3.3.1 and v5.4.2]]
|-
| [[File:WNGC_8686_v_4293_scatter_colorbymag_3sec_noSAFM8.png|thumb|600px|Scatter plot comparing the mean 3sec RotD50 for each rupture, between v3.3.1 and v5.4.2, SAF events>M8 excluded]]
|-
| [[File:WNGC_8686_v_4293_scatter_colorbymag_3sec_noSAFM7_5.png|thumb|600px|Scatter plot comparing the mean 3sec RotD50 for each rupture, between v3.3.1 and v5.4.2, SAF events>M7.5 excluded]]
|}

USC, PAS, and STNI also all see larger ground motions at 2-3 seconds from these same events, but the effect isn't as strong, so it only shows up in the tails of the hazard curves.

We honed in on source 68, rupture 7, a M8.45 on the southern San Andreas which produced the largest WNGC ground motions at 3 seconds, up to 5.1g. We calculated spectral plots for v3.3.1 and v5.4.2 for all 4 sites:

{|
! Site !! v3.3.1 !! v5.4.2
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_3861_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8685_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:USC_3970_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_8691_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PAS
| [[File:PAS_3878_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_8687_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! STNI
| [[File:STNI_3873_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_8689_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

=== v5.5.2 ===

We decided to try v5.5.2 of the rupture generator, which typically has less spectral content at short periods:

{|
! Site !! v3.3.1 !! v5.4.2 !! v5.5.2
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_3861_v3.3.1_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8685_v5.4.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8693_v5.5.2_spectral_s68_r7.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

==== Hazard Curves ====

Comparison hazard curves for the three rupture generators, using no taper

{|
! Site !! 10 sec !! 5 sec !! 3 sec !! 2 sec
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_rg_compare_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_rg_compare_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_rg_compare_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_rg_compare_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:USC_rg_compare_notaper_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_rg_compare_notaper_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_rg_compare_notaper_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_rg_compare_notaper_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

Comparison curves for the three rupture generators, using the smaller value in the velocity model.

{|
! Site !! 10 sec !! 5 sec !! 3 sec !! 2 sec
|-
! STNI
| [[File:STNI_rg_compare_taper_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_rg_compare_taper_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_rg_compare_taper_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:STNI_rg_compare_taper_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PAS
| [[File:PAS_rg_compare_taper_10sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_rg_compare_taper_5sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_rg_compare_taper_3sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_rg_compare_taper_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

==== Scatter Plots ====

Scatter plots, comparing results with v5.5.2 to results from Study 15.12 by plotting the mean ground motion for each rupture. The colors are magnitude bins (blue: <M6.5; green: M6.5-7; yellow: M7-7.5; orange: M7.5-8; red: M8+).

{|
! Site !! 10 sec !! 5 sec !! 3 sec !! 2 sec
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_8694_v_4293_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8694_v_4293_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8694_v_4293_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:WNGC_8694_v_4293_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! PAS
| [[File:PAS_8700_v_4282_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_8700_v_4282_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_8700_v_4282_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_8700_v_4282_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! USC
| [[File:USC_8698_v_4384_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:USC_8698_v_4384_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:USC_8698_v_4384_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:USC_8698_v_4384_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! STNI
| [[File:STNI_8702_v_4285_scatter_10sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:STNI_8702_v_4285_scatter_5sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:STNI_8702_v_4285_scatter_3sec.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:STNI_8702_v_4285_scatter_2sec.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

We intended to run with the risetime_coef modified from the previous default of 1.6 to 2.3, but due to a code bug we continued to use 1.6.

== High-frequency codes ==

For this study, we will use the Graves & Pitarka high frequency module (hb_high) from the Broadband Platform v22.4, hb_high_v6.0.5. We will use the following parameters. Parameters in bold have been changed for this study.

{|border="1"
! Parameter !! Value
|-
| stress_average || 50
|-
| rayset || 2,1,2
|-
| siteamp || 1
|-
| nbu || 4 (not used)
|-
| ifft || 0 (not used)
|-
| flol || 0.02 (not used)
|-
| fhil || 19.9 (not used)
|-
| irand || Seed used for generating SRF
|-
| tlen || Seismogram length, in sec
|-
| dt || 0.01
|-
| fmax || 10 (not used)
|-
| kappa || 0.04
|-
| qfexp || 0.6
|-
| mean_rvfac || 0.775
|-
| range_rvfac || 0.1
|-
| rvfac || Calculated using BBP hfsims_cfg.py code
|-
| shal_rvfac || 0.6
|-
| deep_rvfac || 0.6
|-
| czero || 2
|-
| c_alpha || -99
|-
| sm || -1
|-
| vr || -1
|-
| vsmoho || 999.9
|-
| nlskip || -99
|-
| vpsig || 0
|-
| vshsig || 0
|-
| rhosig || 0
|-
| qssig || 0
|-
| icflag || 1
|-
| velname || -1
|-
| fa_sig1 || 0
|-
| fa_sig2 || 0
|-
| rvsig1 || 0.1
|-
| ipdur_model || 11
|-
| ispar_adjust || 1
|-
| targ_mag || -1
|-
| fault_area || -1
|-
| default_c0 || 57
|-
| default_c1 || 34
|}

== Spectral Content around 1 Hz ==

We investigated the spectral content of the Broadband CyberShake results in the 0.5-3 second range, to look for any discontinuities.

The plot below is from WNGC, Study 15.12 (run ID 4293).

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run4293_spectral.png|thumb|400px|Spectral plot for WNGC from Study 15.12, target of 0.3676g @ 3 sec. Mean is in red.]]
|}

Below is a plot of the hypocenters from the 706 rupture variations which meet the target.

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run4293_target_event_hypos.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

These events have a different distribution than the rupture variations as a whole.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
! Fault !! Percent of target RVs !! Percent of all RVs
|-
| San Andreas || 60 || 44
|-
| Elsinore || 21 || 9
|-
| San Jacinto || 13 || 8
|-
| Other || 6 || 39
|}

Additionally, 88% of the selected events have a magnitude greater than the average for their source. 4% are average, and 8% are lower.

Below is a spectral plot but which includes all rupture variations and the overall mean (in orange).

{|
| [[File:WNGC_run4293_full_spectral.png|thumb|400px|Spectral plot for WNGC from Study 15.12, all variations.]]
|}

=== Additional Sites ===

We created spectral plots for 7 additional sites (STNI, SBSM, PAS, LGU, LBP, ALP, PLS), located here:

{|
| [[File:additional_spectral_plot_sites.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

{|
! STNI !! SBSM !! PAS !! LGU !! LBP !! ALP !! PLS
|-
| [[File:STNI_run4285_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:SBSM_run4291_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_run4282_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:LGU_run4321_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:LBP_run4317_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:ALP_run4298_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PLS_run4370_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

=== v5.5.2 ===

We created spectral plots using results produced with rupture generator v5.5.2. These results have a much less noticeable slope around 1 sec.

{|
! WNGC !! PAS !! USC !! STNI
|-
| [[File:WNGC_run8694_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:PAS_run8700_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:USC_run8698_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:STNI_run8702_full_spectra.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

== Seismogram Length ==

Originally we proposed a seismogram length of 500 sec. We examined seismograms for our most distance event-station pairs for this study and concluded that most stop having any meaningful signal by around 325 sec. Thus, we are reducing the seismogram length to 400 sec to ensure some margin of error.

== Validation ==

The extensive validation efforts performed in preparation for this study are documented in [[Broadband_CyberShake_Validation]].

== Updates and Enhancements ==

*New velocity model created, including Ely taper to 700m and tweaked rules for applying minimum values.
*Updated to rupture generator v5.5.2.
*CyberShake broadband codes now linked directly against BBP codes
*Added -ffast-math compiler option to hb_high code for modest speedup.
*Migrated to using OpenMP version of DirectSynth code.
*Optimized rupture generator v5.5.2.
*Verification was performed against historic events, including Northridge and Landers.

=== Lessons Learned from Previous Studies ===

<ul>
<li>Create new velocity model ID for composite model, capturing metadata.</li>
We created a new velocity model ID to capture the model used for Study 22.12.
<li>Clear disk space before study begins to avoid disk contention.</li>
On moment, we migrated old studies to focal and optimized.
At CARC, we migrated old studies to OLCF HPSS.
<li>In addition to disk space, check local inode usage.</li>
CARC and shock checked; plenty of inodes are available.
</ul>

== Output Data Products ==

=== File-based data products ===

We plan to produce the following data products, which will be stored at CARC:

==== Deterministic ====

*Seismograms: 2-component seismograms, 8000 timesteps (400 sec) each. Study 18.8 used 10k timesteps, but without the sSAF events 8k seems fine.
*PSA: X and Y spectral acceleration at 44 periods (10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.8, 4.6, 4.4, 4.2, 4, 3.8, 3.6, 3.4, 3.2, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.66667, 1.42857, 1.25, 1.11111, 1, .66667, .5, .4, .33333, .285714, .25, .22222, .2, .16667, .142857, .125, .11111, .1 sec)
*RotD: PGV, and RotD50, RotD100, and RotD100 azimuth at 25 periods (20, 15, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1)
*Durations: for X and Y components, energy integral, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), and for both velocity and acceleration, 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80%.

==== Broadband ====

*Seismograms: 2-component seismograms, 40000 timesteps (400 sec) each.
*PSA: X and Y spectral acceleration at 44 periods (10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.8, 4.6, 4.4, 4.2, 4, 3.8, 3.6, 3.4, 3.2, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.66667, 1.42857, 1.25, 1.11111, 1, .66667, .5, .4, .33333, .285714, .25, .22222, .2, .16667, .142857, .125, .11111, .1 sec)
*RotD: PGA, PGV, and RotD50, RotD100, and RotD100 azimuth at 66 periods (20, 15, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.85, 0.75, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.28, 0.26, 0.24, 0.22, 0.2, 0.17, 0.15, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.1, 0.085, 0.075, 0.065, 0.06, 0.055, 0.05, 0.045, 0.04, 0.035, 0.032, 0.029, 0.025, 0.022, 0.02, 0.017, 0.015, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01)
*Durations: for X and Y components, energy integral, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), and for both velocity and acceleration, 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80%.

=== Database data products ===

We plan to store the following data products in the database on moment:

==== Deterministic ====

*RotD50 and RotD100 for 6 periods (10, 7.5, 5, 4, 3, 2)
*Duration: acceleration 5-75% and 5-95%, for both X and Y

==== Broadband ====

*RotD50 and RotD100 for PGA, PGV, and 19 periods (10, 7.5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.075, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01)
*Duration: acceleration 5-75% and 5-95%, for both X and Y

== Computational and Data Estimates ==

=== Computational Estimates ===

We based these estimates on scaling from the average of sites USC, STNI, PAS, and WNGC, which have within 1% of the average number of variations per site.

{| class="wikitable"
|+SGT calculation
! !! UCVM runtime !! UCVM nodes !! SGT runtime (both components) !! SGT nodes !! Other SGT workflow jobs !! Summit Total
|-
! 4 site average
| 436 sec || 50 || 3776 sec || 67 || 8700 node-sec || 78.8 node-hrs
|}

78.8 node-hrs x 335 sites + 10% overrun margin gives us an estimate of 29.0k node-hours for SGT calculation.

{| class="wikitable"
|+PP calculation, with the OpenMP optimization
! !! DirectSynth runtime !! DirectSynth nodes !! Summit Total
|-
! 4 site average
| 31000 || 92 || 792
|}

792 node-hours x 335 sites + 10% overrun margin gives an estimate of 292k node-hours for post-processing.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Broadband calculation
! !! PMC runtime !! PMC nodes !! Summit Total
|-
! 4 site average
| 31500 || 92 || 805
|}

805 node-hrs x 335 sites + 10% overrun margin gives an estimate of 297k node-hours for broadband calculations.

=== Data Estimates ===

==== Summit ====

On average, each site contains 626,000 rupture variations.

These estimates assume a 400 sec seismogram.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Data estimates
! !! Velocity mesh !! SGTs size !! Temp data !! Output data
|-
! 4 site average (GB)
| 177 || 1533 || 1533 || 225
|-
! Total for 335 sites (TB)
| 57.8 || 501.4 || 501.4 || 73.6
|}

==== CARC ====

We estimate 225.6 GB/site x 335 sites = 73.8 TB in output data, which will be transferred back to CARC. After transferring Study 13.4 and 14.2, we have 66 TB free at CARC, so additional data will need to be moved.

==== shock-carc ====

The study should use approximately 737 GB in workflow log space on /home/shock. This drive has approximately 1.5 TB free.

==== moment database ====

The PeakAmplitudes table uses approximately 99 bytes per entry.

99 bytes/entry * 34 entries/event (11 det + 25 stoch) * 622,636 events/site * 335 sites = 654 GB. The drive on moment with the mysql database has 771 GB free, so we will plan to migrate Study 18.8 off of moment to free up additional room.

== Workflow invocation ==

The invocations used to create SGT and PP workflows was:

$>./create_full_wf.sh -s <site> -v vtaper -e 36 -r 10 -g 8 -f 1.0 -q 2.0 -bb --server moment.usc.edu --sgtargs -ns -dep 50.0 -et ifless -td 700.0 -hf 0.25 --ppargs -ds -nb -r -du -dbrs --bbargs --h_fraction 0.25 -mf 1.0 -sf 50.0

For stochastic workflows alone it was:

$>./create_stoch_wf.sh -l <low-frequency run id> -s <site> -e 36 -r 10 -f 1.0 --h_fraction 0.25 -mf 1.0 -sf 50.0 -dbrs -sf 50.0

== Lessons Learned ==

* Make sure database space estimates include both RotD50 and RotD100 values, and also include the space required for indices.

* Add sanity checks on all intensity measures inserted, not just the geometric means (which aren't being inserted anymore).

* Test all types of bundled glidein jobs before the production run. (The AWP jobs ran fine, but we had issues with the DirectSynth jobs).

* Make sure all appropriate velocity fields in the DB are being populated.

* Come up with a solution to the out/err file issue with the BB runs. With file-per-worker, PMC gets a seg fault when the final output is combined. With file-per-task, we end up with 160k files and the filesystem becomes angry.

=== Subfault Perturbation ===

After running Study 24.8, we discovered that the SRF generation for both Study 22.12 and 24.8 had a misunderstanding leading to small but unintended consequences.

Both studies were run with perturb_subfault_location=1 in the rupture generator. This setting results in the location (lat/lon/depth) of the subfaults being perturbed slightly to capture fault roughness. Therefore, the subfault, or fault surface point, locations in the produced SRF are slightly different from the locations as listed in the rupture geometry file.

To save I/O, CyberShake uses the locations in the rupture geometry file to determine where to save the SGTs (in the PreSGT step), and also to determine where to read the SGTs from. Therefore, even if the subfault perturbations would shift the SGTs which are used, these shifts are ignored and don't have any impact in which SGTs are selected. Thus, running with perturb_subfault_location=1 results in the same low-frequency seismogram as with perturb_subfault_location=0, since the same SGTs would be used in both cases.

In the high-frequency stochastic runs, results are slightly different with perturb_subfault_location=1, because the distance calculations are slightly different.

Another place where the differences show up - and where this issue was diagnosed - is in the hypocenter locations in the database. If hypocenters are derived using perturb_subfault_location=1, they will be mapped to the nearest perturbed location, so when the hypocenters are plotted up it will result in a "fuzzy" fault trace rather than a sharp one. Since the SGTs were along the unperturbed locations, it is more accurate to regenerate SRFs with perturb_subfault_location off and then calculate hypocenters from these SRFs.

== Stress Test ==

As of 12/17/22, user callag has run 13627 jobs and consumed 71936.9 node-hours on Summit.

/home/shock on shock-carc has 1544778288 blocks free.

The stress test started at 15:47:42 PST on 12/17/22.

The stress test completed at 13:32:20 PST on 1/7/23, for an elapsed time of 501.7 hours.

As of 1/10/23, user callag has run 14204 jobs and consumed 115430.8 node-hours on Summit.

This works out to 2174.7 node-hours per site, 29.7% more than the initial estimate of 1675.8.

=== Issues Discovered ===

*The cronjob submission script on shock-carc was assigning Summit as the SGT and PP host, meaning that summit-pilot wasn't considered in planning.
We removed assignment of SGT and PP host at workflow creation time.
*Pegasus was trying to transfer some files from CARC to shock-carc /tmp. Since CARC is accessed via the GO protocol, but /tmp isn't served through GO, there doesn't seem to be a way to do this.
Reverted to custom pegasus-transfer wrapper until Pegasus group can modify Pegasus so that files aren't transferred to /tmp which aren't used in the planning process. This will probably be some time in January.
*Runtimes for DirectSynth jobs are much slower (over 10 hours) than in testing.
Increased the permitted memory size from 1.5 GB to 1.8 GB, to reduce the number of tasks and (hopefully) get better data reuse.
*Velocity info job, which determines Vs30, Vs500, and VsD500 for site correction, doesn't apply the taper when calculating these values.
Modified the velocity info job to use the taper when calculating various velocity parameters.
*Velocity params job, which populated the database with Vs30, Z1.0, and Z2.5, doesn't apply the taper.
Modified the velocity params job to use the taper.
*Velocity parameters aren't being added to the broadband runs, just the low-frequency runs.
Added a new job to the DAX generator to insert the Vs30 value from the velocity info file, and copy Z1.0 and Z2.5 from the low-frequency run.
*Minimum Vs value isn't being added to the DB.
Modified the Run Manager to insert a default minimum Vs value of 500 m/s in the DB when a new run is created.

== Events During Study ==

*For some reason (slow filesystem?), several of the serial jobs, like PreCVM and PreSGT, kept failing due to wallclock time expiration. I adjusted the wallclock times up to avoid this.

*In testing, runtimes for the AWP_SGT jobs were around 35 minutes, so we set our pilot job run times to 40 minutes. However, this was not enough time for the AWP_SGT jobs during production, so the work would start over with every pilot job. We increased runtime to 45 minutes, but that still wasn't enough for some jobs, so we increased it again to 60 minutes. This comes at the cost of increased overhead, since the time between the end of the job and the hour is basically lost, but it is better than having jobs never finish.

*We finished the SGT calculations on 1/26.

*On 2/1 we found and fixed an issue with the OpenSHA calculation of locations, which resulted in a mismatch between the CyberShake DB source ID/rupture ID and the source ID/rupture ID in OpenSHA. This affected scatterplots and disaggregation calculations, so all disagg calcs done before this date need to be redone.

*On 2/2 we found that the DirectSynth jobs running in the pilot jobs which are bundled into 10 are segfaulting within the first ~10 sec, before any log files are written. We confirmed this issue doesn't happen with the single-node glidein jobs, and reverted back to those. We will try tests with bundles of 2 jobs to see if we can identify the issue.

*We started getting excellent throughput during the week of 1/30. So as not to use up the allocation, we paused deterministic post-processing calculations on 2/8. We got approval to 2/10 to continue running without penalty, and resumed the deterministic post-processing then.

*We finished the deterministic calculations on 2/22.

*On 2/27, we got an email from OLCF about excessive load from the BB jobs on the GPFS filesystem. We are writing more files with the BB jobs - about 150k per run - but a bigger issue may be the file-per-task I/O that we turned on, increasing the number of err & out files from 6k to 160k. We turned that on to try to prevent the segfaults we were seeing when the workflow finished and the manager was trying to merge all the I/O back in. However, we may need to take that hit so we can maintain a higher number of jobs. Currently OLCF has reduced us to 4 simultaneous jobs, which means it will take about 2 weeks to finish up the BB runs.

*Looking at the initial hazard map, we identified 3 sites with way-too-low ground motions. Digging in, all the RotD values are O(1e-30). This is because the SGTs were not transferred correctly, and even though the check jobs failed, the DirectSynth job ran, the files were transferred back to CARC, the data was inserted into the DB, and curves were generated. The check that we have on the intensity measures upon insertion is only for the geometric mean values, so this should be added to the RotD values as well.

*The broadband calculations finished on 3/6, with the rerun of s003. We just have the DB insertions for about 70% of the BB runs remaining.

=== Database Space Issue ===

On 2/23, we began noticing the free space on moment rapidly disappearing. In 24 hours it was reduced from 310 GB to 140 GB, with still about 75% of the broadband runs remaining.

Additionally, this coincided with many errors with inserting data. What we see happening is that the loading of amplitudes aborts after awhile, but doesn't return an error. Then, when the check job runs, not all the needed rupture variations are present, and the workflow aborts at this step.

The space issue happened because we made two mistakes when calculating the data size. The first is that we did not take into account the size of the indices for each entry in the PeakAmplitudes table, which is about the same size as the data itself. The second is that we forgot that we were also inserting RotD100 values for all 21 broadband periods, not just RotD50, so that's another factor of 2.

With these new values, data + index sizes for the PeakAmplitudes table average 269 bytes/row. Each broadband run has about 620k rupture variations, and we're inserting 21 periods * 2 RotD values + 4 durations for each variation. This works out to 269 bytes/IM * 46 IMs/variation * 622k variations/site = 7.2 GB/site, or 2.4 TB for the entire study.

==== Mitigation ====

The immediate issues are:
#Failed database insertions are preventing sites from finishing.
#Moment will run out of space before the study completes.

These are the planned steps to be able to resume the study:
#Pause the broadband runs.
#Create a cronjob on shock-carc which will kill workflows when they hit the Load_Amps stage. This will avoid using extra space on the DB, but will make it easy to resume once more space is freed.
#Restart broadband workflows, knowing they'll be stopped when they get to the database stage.

Ultimately, we need to populate moment to be able to support access and comparisons. Currently, we need 1800 GB and we have 100 GB.
#Drop Study 17.3 from the PeakAmps table. This study has 4.5 billion rows. There is some uncertainty about how much space this will free up, but it's a minimum of 1140 GB. This increases our available space to 1240 GB.
#Assess how much space is available. If more space is required, consider dropping some of the test runs in the DB which we no longer need.
#Remove cronjob which kills workflows in Load_Amps stage.
#Restart workflows which were stopped at Load_Amps stage.
#Clean up and restart workflows with database insertion issues.

On 3/12, we ran out of database space with 93 sites remaining to be inserted, about 670 GB.
#I reduced the size of the 2 log files from 2 GB to 1 GB, freeing up 2 GB on the database disk.
#I created a temporary file 1 GB in size, so we could delete in in the future and have a little breathing room.
#I switched MariaDB's temporary space from /export/moment, which is basically full, to /tmp, which has about 60 GB of space.
#Since Study 15.12 has already been migrated to focal, we will delete Study 15.12 off moment. This should free up approximately 1460 GB, which should be plenty of space. We could consider stopping after about 200 deleted sites to speed up inserts.
#We will then restart workflow population.
#Once the study is complete, we will attach a temporary drive of 500 GB - 1 TB to moment to use as mysql temp, and then run optimize table to clean up the fragmentation and get back disk space.
#Once disk space is reclaimed, the temporary drive can be removed and we can begin migrating data into sqlite databases and moment-carc.

==== Status ====

On 2/24, moment has 134 GB free. We've stopped running new workflows and are just letting the ones currently running finish.

We began the Study 17.3 deletions the evening of 2/24. We expect they will take about a week.

We resumed the workflows the evening of 2/24, with a cronjob on shock to kill workflows when they hit the Load_Amps stage. This is for workflows starting with ID 9896

On 2/27, we started cleaning up the runs which had incomplete inserts.

The Study 17.3 deletions finished on 3/3. We then ran 'analyze table' to see if that updates the information_schema info, but it didn't. Based on the number of rows deleted, we estimate we've freed around 1100 GB.

On 3/4, we queued up deletions of all the runs with incomplete inserts.

On 3/12, we ran out of disk space on moment, with about 25% of the broadband runs remaining to be inserted. We started deleting Study 15.12 off moment. To give it a head start, we found some runs which haven't finished their BB processing, so we turned back on the cronjob which kills workflows at the LoadAmps stage and are resuming the BB processing for these jobs.

== Post-study directionality investigation ==

Alan Poulos and Evan Hirakawa investigated the directionality of the ground motions from this study in early 2025, comparing the azimuths of the largest and smallest ground motions and comparing their ratios. As a result of this work, they found a handful of sites with essentially infinite ratios, because the ground motions were entirely polarized, with 0 ground motion along one azimuth. Additionally, the maximum and minimum azimuths aligned with the box angles.

We investigated these sites more closely. We confirmed that we see the same directionality in both the low-frequency and broadband results, and in the RotD100 azimuths we calculated. Looking at the workflow logs for these sites, we found that all of these sites had problems in their CheckSGT jobs. These are the jobs that run at the beginning of the post-processing workflow to confirm that the MD5sum for the SGT file matches the previously calculated MD5sum. For these sites, the X component check never ran, and the Y component check ran multiple times and failed because the MD5sums didn't match. This is probably due to a number of issues we had with the Summit filesystem during the study. The SGTs and MD5sums were copied from a temporary working directory to an SGT storage directory, and then the post-processing workflows symlinked to the storage directory. We had a number of problems with the copy from the temporary working directory to the storage directory. Sometimes Globus would record that the copy had completed successfully, but the file in the storage directory was incomplete. We thought we'd identified and fixed these issues for all the sites that experienced them but some slipped through.

s187, P5, P8, P24, PLS, s632, and s541 all had this problem with a checksum mismatch. The checks for s319 also failed due to I/O errors.

=== Recovery ===

To fix this issue, we will regenerate results for these 8 sites. Summit has been decommissioned, so we will calculate the SGTs on Frontier and perform the PP on Frontera, as we did for Study 24.8.

== Performance Metrics ==

At the start of the main study, user callag had run 14466 jobs and used 116506.7 node-hours on the GEO112 allocation on Summit.

The main study began on 1/17/23 at 22:34:11 PST.

The main study ended on 4/4/23 at 04:46:40 PDT, for a main study elapsed time of 1829.2 hours.

At the end of the main study, user callag had run 25320 jobs and used 845339.1 node-hours on the GEO112 allocation.

=== Application Level Metrics ===

*We used 728832.4 node-hours for the main study + 43493.9 for the stress test = 772326.3 node-hours total.
*We used 772326.3 node-hrs / 2330.9 hrs = an average of 331.3 nodes throughout the study, or 7.1% of Summit.
*We ran a total of 965 top-level workflows: 20 for the stress test sites + 3*315 for the other sites.
*We ran 20*83 + 315*(26+27+31) = 28,120 jobs successfully (retries are tracked elsewhere).
**Integrated workflow: 10 jobs (3 dir create, 1 stage) + AWP + PreDS + DS + BB + 2*DB + post = 83
**SGT workflow: 6 jobs (2 dir create, 1 stage) + AWP = 26
**PP workflow: 1 job (1 dir create) + PreDS + DS + Post + DB = 27
**Stoch workflow: 8 jobs (3 dir create, 1 stage) + BB + DB + Post = 31
**AWP subworkflow: 20 jobs (2 dir create, 3 stage, 2 register)
**PreDS subworkflow: 7 jobs (2 dir create, 1 stage)
**DS subworkflow: 6 jobs (1 dir create, 3 stage, 2 register)
**BB subworkflow: 10 jobs (2 dir create, 3 stage, 1 register)
**DB subworkflow: 10 jobs (2 dir create)
**Post subworkflow: 3 jobs (1 dir create)
*420 million two-component seismograms were calculated.
*2.5 PB of data managed.
*75 TB of data transferred back to CARC storage.

== Site Response Analysis ==

After the study completed, we did additional analysis on the impact of the low-frequency site response. This work is documented here: [[Low Frequency Site Response]].

== Production Checklist ==

=== Science to-dos ===

*<s>Run WNGC and USC with updated velocity model.</s>
*<s>Redo validation for Northridge and Landers with updated velocity model, risetime_coef=2.3, and hb_high v6.1.1.</s>
*<s>For each validation event, calculate BBP results, CS results</s>
*<s>Check for spectral discontinuities around 1 Hz</s>
*<s>Decide if we should stick with rvfrac=0.8 or allow it to vary</s>
*<s>Determine appropriate SGT, low-frequency, and high-frequency seismogram durations</s>
*<s>Update high-frequency Vs30 to use released Thompson values</s>
*<s>Modify RupGen-v5.5.2 into CyberShake API</s>
*<s>Test RupGen-v5.5.2</s>
*<s>Update to using v6.1.1 of hb_high.</s>
*<s>Add metadata to DB for merged taper velocity model.</s>
*<s>Check boundary conditions.</s>
*<s>Check that Te-Yang's kernel fix is being used.</s>

=== Technical to-dos ===

*<s>Integrate refactoring of BBP codes into latest BBP release</s>
*<s>Switch to using github repo version of CyberShake on Summit</s>
*<s>Update to latest UCVM (v22.7)</s>
*<s>Switch to optimized version of rupture generator</s>
*<s>Test DirectSynth code with fixed memory leak from Frontera</s>
*<s>Switch to using Pegasus-supported interface to Globus transfers.</s>
*<s>Test bundled glide-in jobs for SGT and DirectSynth jobs</s>
*<s>Fix seg fault in PMC running broadband processing</s>
*<s>Update curve generation to generate curves with more points</s>
*<s>Test OpenMP version of DirectSynth</s>
*<s>Migrate Study 18.8 from moment to focal.</s>
*<s>Delete Study 18.8 off of moment.</s>
*<s>Optimize PeakAmplitudes table on moment.</s>
*<s>Move Study 13.4 output files from CARC to OLCF HPSS.</s>
*<s>Move Study 14.2 output files from CARC to OLCF HPSS.</s>
*<s>Switch to using OMP version of DS code by default.</s>
*<s>Review wiki content.</s>
*<s>Switch to using Python 3.9 on shock.</s>
*<s>Confirm PGA and PGV are being calculated and inserted into the DB.</s>
*<s>Drop rupture variations and seeds tables for RV ID 9, in case we need to put back together for SQLite running.</s>
*<s>Change to Pegasus 5.0.3 on shock-carc.</s>
*<s>Tag code.</s>

== Presentations, Posters, and Papers ==

Science Readiness Review: [[File:Study_22_12_Science_Readiness_Review.pdf|PDF]], [[:File:Study_22_12_Science_Readiness_Review.odp|ODP]]

Technical Readiness Review: [[File:Study_22_12_Technical_Readiness_Review.pdf|PDF]], [[:File:Study_22_12_Technical_Readiness_Review.odp|ODP]]

== References ==

Details about the Graves & Pitarka stochastic approach used in the SCEC Broadband Platform, v22.4, the same as is used in this study: [https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210138]

The merged taper was based off work by Hu, Olsen, and Day showing that a 700-1000m taper improves the fit between synthetics and data for La Habra: [https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac175]

Callaghan Presentations

2026-10-07T15:39:37Z

Scottcal:

Below are links to presentations and related resources given by Scott Callaghan.

== 2026 ==
*DEFORM workshop presentation: [[:File:2026_DEFORM_workshop_CyberShake_overview.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_DEFORM_workshop_CyberShake_overview.pdf | PDF ]]
*SCEC Annual Meeting presentation: [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2025 ==
*SC25 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:AWP_presentation_for_OSU_booth.pptx | PPTX]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*USGS NorCal Earthquake Hazards workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]

== 2024 ==
*AGU24 and December staff meeting presentation: [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pdf | PDF]]
*SC24 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake Study 24.8 overview: [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.odp | ODP]], [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.pdf | PDF]]
*Geo-INQUIRE Data Lake workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]

== 2023 ==
*December Staff Meeting CyberShake updates: [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pdf | PDF]]
*SC23 early career talk: [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS seismology presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*GC11 conference (Solid Earth and Geohazards in the Exascale Era): [[:File:GC11_Callaghan_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
*CyberTraining for Seismology talk on CyberShake Data Access tool: [[:File:CyberShake_tutorial_for_2023_CyberTraining.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 22.12 talk: [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pdf | PDF]]

== 2022 ==

*SC22 Early Career talk (also given to ECP Work/Life balance group, and Sandia Parents Group): [[:File:2022_parental_balance.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2022_parental_balance.pdf | PDF]]
*SC22 SIGHPC Education Chapter overview: [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pdf | PDF]]
*SOURCES career talk: [[:File:2022_Sources_career_talk.odp | ODP ]]
*IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2022_IHPCSS_talk.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA Broadband CyberShake Validation talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 21.12 talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pdf | PDF]]
*SCEC staff meeting talk: [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pdf | PDF]]

== 2021 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX full]], [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake_lighting.pptx | PPTX lightning]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]

== 2020 ==
* Polytechnic talk resources: [[Poly 2020 outreach discussion]]
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[File:AGU_2020_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2019 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2019_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* SC19 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Research Computing workshop lightning talk: [[:File:2019_SCEC_Research_Computing_CyberShake_lightning.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2019_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]]
* UseIT talk about HPC at SCEC: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202019.pptx slides (PPTX), external link]
* SSA CyberShake science talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]. Here are links to the [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/point_src_gtl_v2.wmv 10 km smoothing movie] and [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/pt_src_gtl_20km_v2.wmv 20 km smoothing movie]
* SSA CyberShake technical talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2018 ==

* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters Symposium talk: [[:File:Callaghan_Blue_Waters_Symposium.pptx | PPTX]]
* QuakeCore GMS&V talk: [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]
* Machine learning with Keras overview: [[:File:Machine_Learning_with_Keras.odp | ODP]]

== 2017 ==

* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:2017_AGU_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* PG&E CyberShake update: [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC17_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC17_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 WORKS'17 talk on rvGAHP: [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 Women in HPC Mentoring talk: [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting plenary CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Nonlinear Workshop presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT Blue Waters tutorial: [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | tutorial text (ODT)]] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_Linux_commands.doc | Linux Command guide (DOC)]]
* UseIT HPC at SCEC talk: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202017.pptx slides (PPTX), external link] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* SSA CyberShake talk: [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters workflow seminar: [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pdf | PDF]]

== 2016 ==

* SC16 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.pdf | PDF]] or [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.odp | ODP]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting: [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pdf | PDF]]
* XSEDE Workflow overview talk: [[File:2016_Callaghan_overview_of_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC talk (PPTX)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | HPC tutorial (ODT)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_Linux_commands.odt | Sample Linux Commands (ODT)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_CCSP.odp | CCSP presentation (ODP)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_UCERF3_downsampling.odp | UCERF3 downsampling presentation (ODP)]]

== 2015 ==

* SC15 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC15_CyberShake_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2014 ==

* IHPCSS seismology talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC tutorial (PPTX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_matrix_mult.docx | Supplemental matrix multiplication (DOCX)]]

== Related Entries ==
*[[SC16]]

File:2026 DEFORM workshop CyberShake overview.pptx

2026-10-05T19:00:05Z

Scottcal:

Callaghan Presentations

2026-10-01T15:26:14Z

Scottcal:

Below are links to presentations and related resources given by Scott Callaghan.

== 2026 ==
*DEFORM workshop presentation: [[File:2026_DEFORM_workshop_CyberShake_overview.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_DEFORM_workshop_CyberShake_overview.pdf | PDF ]]
*SCEC Annual Meeting presentation: [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2025 ==
*SC25 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:AWP_presentation_for_OSU_booth.pptx | PPTX]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*USGS NorCal Earthquake Hazards workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]

== 2024 ==
*AGU24 and December staff meeting presentation: [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pdf | PDF]]
*SC24 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake Study 24.8 overview: [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.odp | ODP]], [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.pdf | PDF]]
*Geo-INQUIRE Data Lake workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]

== 2023 ==
*December Staff Meeting CyberShake updates: [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pdf | PDF]]
*SC23 early career talk: [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS seismology presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*GC11 conference (Solid Earth and Geohazards in the Exascale Era): [[:File:GC11_Callaghan_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
*CyberTraining for Seismology talk on CyberShake Data Access tool: [[:File:CyberShake_tutorial_for_2023_CyberTraining.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 22.12 talk: [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pdf | PDF]]

== 2022 ==

*SC22 Early Career talk (also given to ECP Work/Life balance group, and Sandia Parents Group): [[:File:2022_parental_balance.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2022_parental_balance.pdf | PDF]]
*SC22 SIGHPC Education Chapter overview: [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pdf | PDF]]
*SOURCES career talk: [[:File:2022_Sources_career_talk.odp | ODP ]]
*IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2022_IHPCSS_talk.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA Broadband CyberShake Validation talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 21.12 talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pdf | PDF]]
*SCEC staff meeting talk: [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pdf | PDF]]

== 2021 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX full]], [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake_lighting.pptx | PPTX lightning]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]

== 2020 ==
* Polytechnic talk resources: [[Poly 2020 outreach discussion]]
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[File:AGU_2020_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2019 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2019_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* SC19 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Research Computing workshop lightning talk: [[:File:2019_SCEC_Research_Computing_CyberShake_lightning.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2019_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]]
* UseIT talk about HPC at SCEC: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202019.pptx slides (PPTX), external link]
* SSA CyberShake science talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]. Here are links to the [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/point_src_gtl_v2.wmv 10 km smoothing movie] and [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/pt_src_gtl_20km_v2.wmv 20 km smoothing movie]
* SSA CyberShake technical talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2018 ==

* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters Symposium talk: [[:File:Callaghan_Blue_Waters_Symposium.pptx | PPTX]]
* QuakeCore GMS&V talk: [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]
* Machine learning with Keras overview: [[:File:Machine_Learning_with_Keras.odp | ODP]]

== 2017 ==

* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:2017_AGU_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* PG&E CyberShake update: [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC17_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC17_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 WORKS'17 talk on rvGAHP: [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 Women in HPC Mentoring talk: [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting plenary CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Nonlinear Workshop presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT Blue Waters tutorial: [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | tutorial text (ODT)]] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_Linux_commands.doc | Linux Command guide (DOC)]]
* UseIT HPC at SCEC talk: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202017.pptx slides (PPTX), external link] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* SSA CyberShake talk: [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters workflow seminar: [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pdf | PDF]]

== 2016 ==

* SC16 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.pdf | PDF]] or [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.odp | ODP]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting: [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pdf | PDF]]
* XSEDE Workflow overview talk: [[File:2016_Callaghan_overview_of_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC talk (PPTX)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | HPC tutorial (ODT)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_Linux_commands.odt | Sample Linux Commands (ODT)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_CCSP.odp | CCSP presentation (ODP)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_UCERF3_downsampling.odp | UCERF3 downsampling presentation (ODP)]]

== 2015 ==

* SC15 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC15_CyberShake_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2014 ==

* IHPCSS seismology talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC tutorial (PPTX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_matrix_mult.docx | Supplemental matrix multiplication (DOCX)]]

== Related Entries ==
*[[SC16]]

File:2026 DEFORM workshop CyberShake overview.pdf

2026-10-01T15:26:00Z

Scottcal:

Callaghan Presentations

2026-10-01T15:25:26Z

Scottcal:

Below are links to presentations and related resources given by Scott Callaghan.

== 2026 ==
*DEFORM workshop presentation: [[File:2026_DEFORM_workshop_CyberShake_overview.pptx | PPTX]], [[File:2026_DEFORM_workshop_CyberShake_overview.pdf | PDF ]]
*SCEC Annual Meeting presentation: [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2025 ==
*SC25 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:AWP_presentation_for_OSU_booth.pptx | PPTX]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*USGS NorCal Earthquake Hazards workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]

== 2024 ==
*AGU24 and December staff meeting presentation: [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pdf | PDF]]
*SC24 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake Study 24.8 overview: [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.odp | ODP]], [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.pdf | PDF]]
*Geo-INQUIRE Data Lake workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]

== 2023 ==
*December Staff Meeting CyberShake updates: [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pdf | PDF]]
*SC23 early career talk: [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS seismology presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*GC11 conference (Solid Earth and Geohazards in the Exascale Era): [[:File:GC11_Callaghan_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
*CyberTraining for Seismology talk on CyberShake Data Access tool: [[:File:CyberShake_tutorial_for_2023_CyberTraining.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 22.12 talk: [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pdf | PDF]]

== 2022 ==

*SC22 Early Career talk (also given to ECP Work/Life balance group, and Sandia Parents Group): [[:File:2022_parental_balance.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2022_parental_balance.pdf | PDF]]
*SC22 SIGHPC Education Chapter overview: [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pdf | PDF]]
*SOURCES career talk: [[:File:2022_Sources_career_talk.odp | ODP ]]
*IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2022_IHPCSS_talk.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA Broadband CyberShake Validation talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 21.12 talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pdf | PDF]]
*SCEC staff meeting talk: [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pdf | PDF]]

== 2021 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX full]], [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake_lighting.pptx | PPTX lightning]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]

== 2020 ==
* Polytechnic talk resources: [[Poly 2020 outreach discussion]]
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[File:AGU_2020_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2019 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2019_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* SC19 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Research Computing workshop lightning talk: [[:File:2019_SCEC_Research_Computing_CyberShake_lightning.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2019_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]]
* UseIT talk about HPC at SCEC: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202019.pptx slides (PPTX), external link]
* SSA CyberShake science talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]. Here are links to the [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/point_src_gtl_v2.wmv 10 km smoothing movie] and [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/pt_src_gtl_20km_v2.wmv 20 km smoothing movie]
* SSA CyberShake technical talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2018 ==

* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters Symposium talk: [[:File:Callaghan_Blue_Waters_Symposium.pptx | PPTX]]
* QuakeCore GMS&V talk: [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]
* Machine learning with Keras overview: [[:File:Machine_Learning_with_Keras.odp | ODP]]

== 2017 ==

* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:2017_AGU_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* PG&E CyberShake update: [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC17_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC17_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 WORKS'17 talk on rvGAHP: [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 Women in HPC Mentoring talk: [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting plenary CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Nonlinear Workshop presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT Blue Waters tutorial: [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | tutorial text (ODT)]] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_Linux_commands.doc | Linux Command guide (DOC)]]
* UseIT HPC at SCEC talk: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202017.pptx slides (PPTX), external link] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* SSA CyberShake talk: [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters workflow seminar: [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pdf | PDF]]

== 2016 ==

* SC16 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.pdf | PDF]] or [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.odp | ODP]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting: [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pdf | PDF]]
* XSEDE Workflow overview talk: [[File:2016_Callaghan_overview_of_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC talk (PPTX)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | HPC tutorial (ODT)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_Linux_commands.odt | Sample Linux Commands (ODT)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_CCSP.odp | CCSP presentation (ODP)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_UCERF3_downsampling.odp | UCERF3 downsampling presentation (ODP)]]

== 2015 ==

* SC15 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC15_CyberShake_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2014 ==

* IHPCSS seismology talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC tutorial (PPTX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_matrix_mult.docx | Supplemental matrix multiplication (DOCX)]]

== Related Entries ==
*[[SC16]]

Callaghan Presentations

2026-10-01T15:25:16Z

Scottcal:

Below are links to presentations and related resources given by Scott Callaghan.

== 2026 ==
*DEFORM workshop presentation: [[File:2026_DEFORM_workshop_CyberShake_overview.pptx | PPTX]], [File:2026_DEFORM_workshop_CyberShake_overview.pdf | PDF ]]
*SCEC Annual Meeting presentation: [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2025 ==
*SC25 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:AWP_presentation_for_OSU_booth.pptx | PPTX]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*USGS NorCal Earthquake Hazards workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]

== 2024 ==
*AGU24 and December staff meeting presentation: [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pdf | PDF]]
*SC24 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake Study 24.8 overview: [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.odp | ODP]], [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.pdf | PDF]]
*Geo-INQUIRE Data Lake workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]

== 2023 ==
*December Staff Meeting CyberShake updates: [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pdf | PDF]]
*SC23 early career talk: [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS seismology presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*GC11 conference (Solid Earth and Geohazards in the Exascale Era): [[:File:GC11_Callaghan_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
*CyberTraining for Seismology talk on CyberShake Data Access tool: [[:File:CyberShake_tutorial_for_2023_CyberTraining.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 22.12 talk: [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pdf | PDF]]

== 2022 ==

*SC22 Early Career talk (also given to ECP Work/Life balance group, and Sandia Parents Group): [[:File:2022_parental_balance.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2022_parental_balance.pdf | PDF]]
*SC22 SIGHPC Education Chapter overview: [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pdf | PDF]]
*SOURCES career talk: [[:File:2022_Sources_career_talk.odp | ODP ]]
*IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2022_IHPCSS_talk.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA Broadband CyberShake Validation talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 21.12 talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pdf | PDF]]
*SCEC staff meeting talk: [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pdf | PDF]]

== 2021 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX full]], [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake_lighting.pptx | PPTX lightning]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]

== 2020 ==
* Polytechnic talk resources: [[Poly 2020 outreach discussion]]
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[File:AGU_2020_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2019 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2019_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* SC19 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Research Computing workshop lightning talk: [[:File:2019_SCEC_Research_Computing_CyberShake_lightning.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2019_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]]
* UseIT talk about HPC at SCEC: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202019.pptx slides (PPTX), external link]
* SSA CyberShake science talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]. Here are links to the [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/point_src_gtl_v2.wmv 10 km smoothing movie] and [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/pt_src_gtl_20km_v2.wmv 20 km smoothing movie]
* SSA CyberShake technical talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2018 ==

* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters Symposium talk: [[:File:Callaghan_Blue_Waters_Symposium.pptx | PPTX]]
* QuakeCore GMS&V talk: [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]
* Machine learning with Keras overview: [[:File:Machine_Learning_with_Keras.odp | ODP]]

== 2017 ==

* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:2017_AGU_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* PG&E CyberShake update: [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC17_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC17_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 WORKS'17 talk on rvGAHP: [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 Women in HPC Mentoring talk: [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting plenary CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Nonlinear Workshop presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT Blue Waters tutorial: [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | tutorial text (ODT)]] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_Linux_commands.doc | Linux Command guide (DOC)]]
* UseIT HPC at SCEC talk: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202017.pptx slides (PPTX), external link] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* SSA CyberShake talk: [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters workflow seminar: [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pdf | PDF]]

== 2016 ==

* SC16 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.pdf | PDF]] or [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.odp | ODP]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting: [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pdf | PDF]]
* XSEDE Workflow overview talk: [[File:2016_Callaghan_overview_of_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC talk (PPTX)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | HPC tutorial (ODT)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_Linux_commands.odt | Sample Linux Commands (ODT)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_CCSP.odp | CCSP presentation (ODP)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_UCERF3_downsampling.odp | UCERF3 downsampling presentation (ODP)]]

== 2015 ==

* SC15 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC15_CyberShake_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2014 ==

* IHPCSS seismology talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC tutorial (PPTX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_matrix_mult.docx | Supplemental matrix multiplication (DOCX)]]

== Related Entries ==
*[[SC16]]

File:2026 IHPCSS workflows.pdf

2026-10-01T14:54:39Z

Scottcal:

Callaghan Presentations

2026-10-01T14:54:22Z

Scottcal:

Below are links to presentations and related resources given by Scott Callaghan.

== 2026 ==
*SCEC Annual Meeting presentation: [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2025 ==
*SC25 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:AWP_presentation_for_OSU_booth.pptx | PPTX]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*USGS NorCal Earthquake Hazards workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]

== 2024 ==
*AGU24 and December staff meeting presentation: [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pdf | PDF]]
*SC24 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake Study 24.8 overview: [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.odp | ODP]], [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.pdf | PDF]]
*Geo-INQUIRE Data Lake workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]

== 2023 ==
*December Staff Meeting CyberShake updates: [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pdf | PDF]]
*SC23 early career talk: [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS seismology presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*GC11 conference (Solid Earth and Geohazards in the Exascale Era): [[:File:GC11_Callaghan_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
*CyberTraining for Seismology talk on CyberShake Data Access tool: [[:File:CyberShake_tutorial_for_2023_CyberTraining.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 22.12 talk: [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pdf | PDF]]

== 2022 ==

*SC22 Early Career talk (also given to ECP Work/Life balance group, and Sandia Parents Group): [[:File:2022_parental_balance.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2022_parental_balance.pdf | PDF]]
*SC22 SIGHPC Education Chapter overview: [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pdf | PDF]]
*SOURCES career talk: [[:File:2022_Sources_career_talk.odp | ODP ]]
*IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2022_IHPCSS_talk.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA Broadband CyberShake Validation talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 21.12 talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pdf | PDF]]
*SCEC staff meeting talk: [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pdf | PDF]]

== 2021 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX full]], [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake_lighting.pptx | PPTX lightning]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]

== 2020 ==
* Polytechnic talk resources: [[Poly 2020 outreach discussion]]
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[File:AGU_2020_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2019 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2019_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* SC19 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Research Computing workshop lightning talk: [[:File:2019_SCEC_Research_Computing_CyberShake_lightning.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2019_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]]
* UseIT talk about HPC at SCEC: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202019.pptx slides (PPTX), external link]
* SSA CyberShake science talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]. Here are links to the [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/point_src_gtl_v2.wmv 10 km smoothing movie] and [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/pt_src_gtl_20km_v2.wmv 20 km smoothing movie]
* SSA CyberShake technical talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2018 ==

* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters Symposium talk: [[:File:Callaghan_Blue_Waters_Symposium.pptx | PPTX]]
* QuakeCore GMS&V talk: [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]
* Machine learning with Keras overview: [[:File:Machine_Learning_with_Keras.odp | ODP]]

== 2017 ==

* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:2017_AGU_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* PG&E CyberShake update: [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC17_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC17_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 WORKS'17 talk on rvGAHP: [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 Women in HPC Mentoring talk: [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting plenary CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Nonlinear Workshop presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT Blue Waters tutorial: [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | tutorial text (ODT)]] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_Linux_commands.doc | Linux Command guide (DOC)]]
* UseIT HPC at SCEC talk: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202017.pptx slides (PPTX), external link] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* SSA CyberShake talk: [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters workflow seminar: [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pdf | PDF]]

== 2016 ==

* SC16 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.pdf | PDF]] or [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.odp | ODP]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting: [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pdf | PDF]]
* XSEDE Workflow overview talk: [[File:2016_Callaghan_overview_of_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC talk (PPTX)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | HPC tutorial (ODT)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_Linux_commands.odt | Sample Linux Commands (ODT)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_CCSP.odp | CCSP presentation (ODP)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_UCERF3_downsampling.odp | UCERF3 downsampling presentation (ODP)]]

== 2015 ==

* SC15 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC15_CyberShake_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2014 ==

* IHPCSS seismology talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC tutorial (PPTX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_matrix_mult.docx | Supplemental matrix multiplication (DOCX)]]

== Related Entries ==
*[[SC16]]

Callaghan Presentations

2026-09-29T03:58:04Z

Scottcal:

Below are links to presentations and related resources given by Scott Callaghan.

== 2026 ==
*SCEC Annual Meeting presentation: [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2025 ==
*SC25 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:AWP_presentation_for_OSU_booth.pptx | PPTX]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*USGS NorCal Earthquake Hazards workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]

== 2024 ==
*AGU24 and December staff meeting presentation: [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pdf | PDF]]
*SC24 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake Study 24.8 overview: [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.odp | ODP]], [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.pdf | PDF]]
*Geo-INQUIRE Data Lake workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]

== 2023 ==
*December Staff Meeting CyberShake updates: [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pdf | PDF]]
*SC23 early career talk: [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS seismology presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*GC11 conference (Solid Earth and Geohazards in the Exascale Era): [[:File:GC11_Callaghan_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
*CyberTraining for Seismology talk on CyberShake Data Access tool: [[:File:CyberShake_tutorial_for_2023_CyberTraining.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 22.12 talk: [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pdf | PDF]]

== 2022 ==

*SC22 Early Career talk (also given to ECP Work/Life balance group, and Sandia Parents Group): [[:File:2022_parental_balance.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2022_parental_balance.pdf | PDF]]
*SC22 SIGHPC Education Chapter overview: [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pdf | PDF]]
*SOURCES career talk: [[:File:2022_Sources_career_talk.odp | ODP ]]
*IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2022_IHPCSS_talk.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA Broadband CyberShake Validation talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 21.12 talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pdf | PDF]]
*SCEC staff meeting talk: [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pdf | PDF]]

== 2021 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX full]], [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake_lighting.pptx | PPTX lightning]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]

== 2020 ==
* Polytechnic talk resources: [[Poly 2020 outreach discussion]]
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[File:AGU_2020_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2019 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2019_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* SC19 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Research Computing workshop lightning talk: [[:File:2019_SCEC_Research_Computing_CyberShake_lightning.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2019_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]]
* UseIT talk about HPC at SCEC: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202019.pptx slides (PPTX), external link]
* SSA CyberShake science talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]. Here are links to the [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/point_src_gtl_v2.wmv 10 km smoothing movie] and [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/pt_src_gtl_20km_v2.wmv 20 km smoothing movie]
* SSA CyberShake technical talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2018 ==

* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters Symposium talk: [[:File:Callaghan_Blue_Waters_Symposium.pptx | PPTX]]
* QuakeCore GMS&V talk: [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]
* Machine learning with Keras overview: [[:File:Machine_Learning_with_Keras.odp | ODP]]

== 2017 ==

* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:2017_AGU_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* PG&E CyberShake update: [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC17_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC17_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 WORKS'17 talk on rvGAHP: [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 Women in HPC Mentoring talk: [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting plenary CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Nonlinear Workshop presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT Blue Waters tutorial: [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | tutorial text (ODT)]] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_Linux_commands.doc | Linux Command guide (DOC)]]
* UseIT HPC at SCEC talk: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202017.pptx slides (PPTX), external link] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* SSA CyberShake talk: [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters workflow seminar: [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pdf | PDF]]

== 2016 ==

* SC16 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.pdf | PDF]] or [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.odp | ODP]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting: [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pdf | PDF]]
* XSEDE Workflow overview talk: [[File:2016_Callaghan_overview_of_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC talk (PPTX)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | HPC tutorial (ODT)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_Linux_commands.odt | Sample Linux Commands (ODT)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_CCSP.odp | CCSP presentation (ODP)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_UCERF3_downsampling.odp | UCERF3 downsampling presentation (ODP)]]

== 2015 ==

* SC15 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC15_CyberShake_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2014 ==

* IHPCSS seismology talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC tutorial (PPTX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_matrix_mult.docx | Supplemental matrix multiplication (DOCX)]]

== Related Entries ==
*[[SC16]]

Callaghan Presentations

2026-09-29T03:57:47Z

Scottcal:

Below are links to presentations and related resources given by Scott Callaghan.

== 2026 ==
*SCEC Annual Meeting presentation: [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2025 ==
*SC25 presentation at OSU booth: [[File:AWP_presentation_for_OSU_booth.pptx | PPTX]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*USGS NorCal Earthquake Hazards workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]

== 2024 ==
*AGU24 and December staff meeting presentation: [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pdf | PDF]]
*SC24 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake Study 24.8 overview: [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.odp | ODP]], [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.pdf | PDF]]
*Geo-INQUIRE Data Lake workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]

== 2023 ==
*December Staff Meeting CyberShake updates: [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pdf | PDF]]
*SC23 early career talk: [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS seismology presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*GC11 conference (Solid Earth and Geohazards in the Exascale Era): [[:File:GC11_Callaghan_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
*CyberTraining for Seismology talk on CyberShake Data Access tool: [[:File:CyberShake_tutorial_for_2023_CyberTraining.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 22.12 talk: [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pdf | PDF]]

== 2022 ==

*SC22 Early Career talk (also given to ECP Work/Life balance group, and Sandia Parents Group): [[:File:2022_parental_balance.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2022_parental_balance.pdf | PDF]]
*SC22 SIGHPC Education Chapter overview: [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pdf | PDF]]
*SOURCES career talk: [[:File:2022_Sources_career_talk.odp | ODP ]]
*IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2022_IHPCSS_talk.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA Broadband CyberShake Validation talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 21.12 talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pdf | PDF]]
*SCEC staff meeting talk: [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pdf | PDF]]

== 2021 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX full]], [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake_lighting.pptx | PPTX lightning]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]

== 2020 ==
* Polytechnic talk resources: [[Poly 2020 outreach discussion]]
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[File:AGU_2020_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2019 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2019_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* SC19 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Research Computing workshop lightning talk: [[:File:2019_SCEC_Research_Computing_CyberShake_lightning.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2019_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]]
* UseIT talk about HPC at SCEC: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202019.pptx slides (PPTX), external link]
* SSA CyberShake science talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]. Here are links to the [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/point_src_gtl_v2.wmv 10 km smoothing movie] and [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/pt_src_gtl_20km_v2.wmv 20 km smoothing movie]
* SSA CyberShake technical talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2018 ==

* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters Symposium talk: [[:File:Callaghan_Blue_Waters_Symposium.pptx | PPTX]]
* QuakeCore GMS&V talk: [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]
* Machine learning with Keras overview: [[:File:Machine_Learning_with_Keras.odp | ODP]]

== 2017 ==

* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:2017_AGU_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* PG&E CyberShake update: [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC17_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC17_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 WORKS'17 talk on rvGAHP: [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 Women in HPC Mentoring talk: [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting plenary CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Nonlinear Workshop presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT Blue Waters tutorial: [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | tutorial text (ODT)]] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_Linux_commands.doc | Linux Command guide (DOC)]]
* UseIT HPC at SCEC talk: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202017.pptx slides (PPTX), external link] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* SSA CyberShake talk: [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters workflow seminar: [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pdf | PDF]]

== 2016 ==

* SC16 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.pdf | PDF]] or [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.odp | ODP]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting: [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pdf | PDF]]
* XSEDE Workflow overview talk: [[File:2016_Callaghan_overview_of_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC talk (PPTX)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | HPC tutorial (ODT)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_Linux_commands.odt | Sample Linux Commands (ODT)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_CCSP.odp | CCSP presentation (ODP)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_UCERF3_downsampling.odp | UCERF3 downsampling presentation (ODP)]]

== 2015 ==

* SC15 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC15_CyberShake_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2014 ==

* IHPCSS seismology talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC tutorial (PPTX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_matrix_mult.docx | Supplemental matrix multiplication (DOCX)]]

== Related Entries ==
*[[SC16]]

MUSCAL

2026-09-08T19:30:41Z

Scottcal: /* Delivered Model */

This page describes the Multi-Scale CALifornia (MUSCAL) velocity model and its integration into UCVM.

== Model overview ==

The MUSCAL Vp and Vs model was created by Te-Yang Yeh and Yehuda Ben-Zion in 2025-6 by starting with the CANVAS tomography model as a base and then integrating multiple regional and local high-resolution models. Each submodel is evaluated to determine where it improves the fit through simulations of M4 historical events to 1 Hz, and then the overall model is updated where the submodel improves the fit.

=== Model Components ===

The model was built by starting with a base model (the CANVAS (Doody et al., 2023) tomography model). Next, regional and local models are added where they improve the fit, based on M4 simulations. These simulations were run to 1 Hz with topography using a minimum Vs of 450 m/s. Finally, a spatially varying taper following the Ely approach is added.

==== Regional Models ====

Regional models evaluated for inclusion are:
<ul>
<li>Northern California
<ul>
<li>Lin et al. (2010)</li>
<li>Furlong et al. (2024)</li>
<li>Guo et al. (2024)</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Central California
<ul>
<li>CCA-06</li>
<li>CVM-H v15.1.1</li>
<li>CVM-S4.26</li>
<li>Guo et al. (2024)</li>
<li>Berg et al. (2021)</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Southern California
<ul>
<li>Fang et al. (2022)</li>
<li>CVM-S4.26</li>
<li>CVM-H v15.1.1</li>
<li>Berg et al. (2021)</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>

==== Local Models ====

Below is a list of local high-resolution models that were evaluated for inclusion.

Northern and Central California:
<ul>
<li>Ridgecrest regional (Li and Ben-Zion (2024))</li>
<li>Ridgecrest fault zone (Zhou et al. (2022))</li>
<li>San Joaquin basin (Shaw & Plesch (2016))</li>
<li>SFCVM v21.1 (Hirakawa & Aagaard (2022))</li>
</ul>

Southern California:
<ul>
<li>San Jacinto fault zone (Fang et al. (2019))</li>
<li>San Gabriel-San Bernardino Basin (Li et al. (2023))</li>
<li>Imperial Valley (Persaud et al. (2016))</li>
<li>Coachella Valley (Ajala et al. (2019))</li>
<li>Santa Maria Basin (Plesch et al. (2020))</li>
</ul>

==== Taper ====

MUSCAL includes a low-velocity taper using the Ely-Jordan approach. Vs30 for this method is produced by merging the Thompson (2018) Vs30 map with the [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/data/vs30/ USGS global Vs30 dataset].

The depth of the taper varies depending on the site and ranges from 300m to 1500m.

== Delivered Model ==

The final version of MUSCAL is delivered in netCDF format. The dimensions of the model in grid points are 1251 (lat) x 1301 (lon) x 210 (depth). Grid points have a spacing of 0.01 degrees in the horizontal; the depth is variable with denser sampling near the surface. The model is interpolated using trilinear interpolation.

Details about the model creation are provided in the paper ([https://essopenarchive.org/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.15001929/v1 preprint]) and the [https://zenodo.org/records/19243477 Zenodo page].

Below is a plot of the 3D model extent.

{|
| [[File:MUSCAL_region_extent.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

=== Datasets ===

zone: 11

command use:
plot_depth_profile.py -n $UCVM_INSTALL_PATH/conf/ucvm.conf -i $UCVM_INSTALL_PATH -d vs -c muscal
-o muscal_small_depth_1000.png -C 'Multi-Scale Statewide California Velocity Model'
-v 1000 -b 0 -s 36.5054,-119.0587 -e 30000

==== big data in netcdf ====

model_MSCAL_CANVAS_dll0.01_dz50_cmpd.nc
4.5G

longitude:1301 from -126 to -113
latitude:1251 from 31 to 43.5
depth:671 from 0 to 100,000
50 increments until 30,000
1000 increments til 100000

Plot Depth profile at 36.5054,-119.0587 in different step increments. No interpretation and access data using nc api

{|
| [[FILE:muscal_big_deth_50.png|thumb|300px|muscal big 50 vs]]
| [[FILE:muscal_big_deth_100.png|thumb|300px|muscal big 100 vs]]
| [[FILE:muscal_big_depth_500.png|thumb|300px|muscal big 500 vs]]
| [[FILE:muscal_big_deth_1000.png|thumb|300px|muscal big 1000 vs]]
|}

[[FILE:muscal_big_depth-50_matprops.json.txt]]
[[FILE:muscal_big_depth-100_matprops.json.txt]]
[[FILE:muscal_big_depth-500_matprops.json.txt]]
[[FILE:muscal_big_depth-1000_matprops.json.txt]]

==== small data in netcdf ====
model_MUSCAL_CANVAS_dll0.01_vardz_cmpd.nc
2.1G

longitdue:1301 from -126 to -113
latitude:1251 from 31 to 43.5
depth:210 from 0 to 99,000
50 increments upto 3000
100 increments upto 5000
250 increments upto 10000
500 increments upto 30000
1000 increments upto 99000

Depth profiles in different steps : 50m,100m,500m,1000m

Direct from netcdf as external file

{|
|[[FILE:muscal_small_depth_50.png|thumb|300px|muscal small 50 vs]]
|[[FILE:muscal_small_deth_100.png|thumb|300px|muscal small 100 vs]]
|[[FILE:muscal_small_depth_500.png|thumb|300px|muscal small 500 vs]]
|[[FILE:muscal_small_deth_1000.png|thumb|300px|muscal small 1000 vs]]
|}

[[FILE:muscal_small_depth-50_matprops.json.txt]]
[[FILE:muscal_small_depth-100_matprops.json.txt]]
[[FILE:muscal_small_depth-500_matprops.json.txt]]
[[FILE:muscal_small_depth-1000_matprops.json.txt]]

Loaded in-memory as binary data no interpolation

{|
|[[FILE:muscal_small_no_interp_50.png|thumb|300px|muscal small 50 vs]]
|[[FILE:muscal_small_no_interp_100.png|thumb|300px|muscal small 100 vs]]
|[[FILE:muscal_small_no_interp_500.png|thumb|300px|muscal small 500 vs]]
|[[FILE:muscal_small_no_interp_1000.png|thumb|300px|muscal small 1000 vs]]
|}

[[FILE:muscal_small_no_interp-50_matprops.json.txt]]
[[FILE:muscal_small_no_interp-100_matprops.json.txt]]
[[FILE:muscal_small_no_interp-500_matprops.json.txt]]
[[FILE:muscal_small_no_interp-1000_matprops.json.txt]]

==== Another small dataset in netcdf ====

model_MUSCAL_CANVAS_dll0.01_vardz_float32_cmpd.nc
1.4G

All longitude, latitude, and depth points are now saved as float32, as well as the vp, vs, and rho.

Loaded in-memory as binary data with interpolation

{|
|[[FILE:muscal_small_interp_50.png|thumb|300px|muscal small 50 vs]]
|[[FILE:muscal_small_interp_100.png|thumb|300px|muscal small 100 vs]]
|[[FILE:muscal_small_interp_500.png|thumb|300px|muscal small 500 vs]]
|[[FILE:muscal_small_interp_1000.png|thumb|300px|muscal small 1000 vs]]
|}

[[FILE:muscal_small_interp-50_matprops.json.txt]]
[[FILE:muscal_small_interp-100_matprops.json.txt]]
[[FILE:muscal_small_interp-500_matprops.json.txt]]
[[FILE:muscal_small_interp-1000_matprops.json.txt]]

=== Validation ===

Several steps of pre/post processing are done to original MUSCAL model(netcdf format) in order to
incorporate it into UCVM and CVM explorer.

Because of the speed of netcdf-C code is too slow to support in-time nature of the explorer and would
like to have interpolation on query,

* Number of depth layer is reduced with deeper layers merged into fewer layers
* preprocessing the netcdf data into binary data files
* data are all in float32

[[FILE:MUSCAL_test_points_deep.txt]]
[[FILE:MUSCAL_test_points_shallow.txt]]

Final result from ucvm_query, (with interpolation)

[[FILE:MUSCAL_test_points_deep.final.txt]]
[[FILE:MUSCAL_test_points_shallow.final.txt]]

== Extended Model ==

The 3D MUSCAL model is defined over the same volume as the CANVAS base model. However, some simulation regions may extend beyond the boundaries, like the blue corners in the example CyberShake volume for USC below:

{|
| [[File:USC_muscal_horiz_slice_z0.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

To solve this in a consistent and reproducible way, we will extend the MUSCAL model through UCVM. The initial plan is to use the following algorithm:
<ol>
<li>Query 3D MUSCAL model at a given point.</li>
<li>If the model returns NaNs (indicating the point is beyond the bounds of the 3D model):
<ol>
<li>Query the 1D MUSCAL model (Te-Yang to provide this).</li>
<li>Determine Vs30 from the USGS Global Vs30 model.</li>
<li>Apply the Ely taper (LVT) to the top 300m.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>

File:2026 SCEC AM PSHA Platforms.ppt

2026-09-04T14:36:34Z

Scottcal:

Callaghan Presentations

2026-09-04T14:36:17Z

Scottcal:

Below are links to presentations and related resources given by Scott Callaghan.

== 2026 ==
*SCEC Annual Meeting presentation: [[File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.ppt | PPT]], [[File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2025 ==
*SC25 presentation at OSU booth: [[File:AWP_presentation_for_OSU_booth.pptx | PPTX]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*USGS NorCal Earthquake Hazards workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]

== 2024 ==
*AGU24 and December staff meeting presentation: [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pdf | PDF]]
*SC24 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake Study 24.8 overview: [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.odp | ODP]], [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.pdf | PDF]]
*Geo-INQUIRE Data Lake workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]

== 2023 ==
*December Staff Meeting CyberShake updates: [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pdf | PDF]]
*SC23 early career talk: [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS seismology presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*GC11 conference (Solid Earth and Geohazards in the Exascale Era): [[:File:GC11_Callaghan_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
*CyberTraining for Seismology talk on CyberShake Data Access tool: [[:File:CyberShake_tutorial_for_2023_CyberTraining.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 22.12 talk: [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pdf | PDF]]

== 2022 ==

*SC22 Early Career talk (also given to ECP Work/Life balance group, and Sandia Parents Group): [[:File:2022_parental_balance.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2022_parental_balance.pdf | PDF]]
*SC22 SIGHPC Education Chapter overview: [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pdf | PDF]]
*SOURCES career talk: [[:File:2022_Sources_career_talk.odp | ODP ]]
*IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2022_IHPCSS_talk.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA Broadband CyberShake Validation talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 21.12 talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pdf | PDF]]
*SCEC staff meeting talk: [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pdf | PDF]]

== 2021 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX full]], [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake_lighting.pptx | PPTX lightning]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]

== 2020 ==
* Polytechnic talk resources: [[Poly 2020 outreach discussion]]
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[File:AGU_2020_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2019 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2019_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* SC19 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Research Computing workshop lightning talk: [[:File:2019_SCEC_Research_Computing_CyberShake_lightning.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2019_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]]
* UseIT talk about HPC at SCEC: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202019.pptx slides (PPTX), external link]
* SSA CyberShake science talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]. Here are links to the [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/point_src_gtl_v2.wmv 10 km smoothing movie] and [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/pt_src_gtl_20km_v2.wmv 20 km smoothing movie]
* SSA CyberShake technical talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2018 ==

* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters Symposium talk: [[:File:Callaghan_Blue_Waters_Symposium.pptx | PPTX]]
* QuakeCore GMS&V talk: [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]
* Machine learning with Keras overview: [[:File:Machine_Learning_with_Keras.odp | ODP]]

== 2017 ==

* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:2017_AGU_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* PG&E CyberShake update: [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC17_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC17_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 WORKS'17 talk on rvGAHP: [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 Women in HPC Mentoring talk: [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting plenary CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Nonlinear Workshop presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT Blue Waters tutorial: [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | tutorial text (ODT)]] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_Linux_commands.doc | Linux Command guide (DOC)]]
* UseIT HPC at SCEC talk: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202017.pptx slides (PPTX), external link] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* SSA CyberShake talk: [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters workflow seminar: [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pdf | PDF]]

== 2016 ==

* SC16 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.pdf | PDF]] or [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.odp | ODP]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting: [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pdf | PDF]]
* XSEDE Workflow overview talk: [[File:2016_Callaghan_overview_of_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC talk (PPTX)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | HPC tutorial (ODT)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_Linux_commands.odt | Sample Linux Commands (ODT)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_CCSP.odp | CCSP presentation (ODP)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_UCERF3_downsampling.odp | UCERF3 downsampling presentation (ODP)]]

== 2015 ==

* SC15 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC15_CyberShake_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2014 ==

* IHPCSS seismology talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC tutorial (PPTX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_matrix_mult.docx | Supplemental matrix multiplication (DOCX)]]

== Related Entries ==
*[[SC16]]

File:2026 SCEC AM PSHA Platforms.pdf

2026-09-03T21:53:50Z

Scottcal:

Callaghan Presentations

2026-09-03T21:52:52Z

Scottcal:

Below are links to presentations and related resources given by Scott Callaghan.

== 2026 ==
*SCEC Annual Meeting presentation: [[File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.pptx | PPTX]], [[File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2025 ==
*SC25 presentation at OSU booth: [[File:AWP_presentation_for_OSU_booth.pptx | PPTX]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*USGS NorCal Earthquake Hazards workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]

== 2024 ==
*AGU24 and December staff meeting presentation: [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pdf | PDF]]
*SC24 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake Study 24.8 overview: [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.odp | ODP]], [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.pdf | PDF]]
*Geo-INQUIRE Data Lake workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]

== 2023 ==
*December Staff Meeting CyberShake updates: [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pdf | PDF]]
*SC23 early career talk: [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS seismology presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*GC11 conference (Solid Earth and Geohazards in the Exascale Era): [[:File:GC11_Callaghan_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
*CyberTraining for Seismology talk on CyberShake Data Access tool: [[:File:CyberShake_tutorial_for_2023_CyberTraining.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 22.12 talk: [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pdf | PDF]]

== 2022 ==

*SC22 Early Career talk (also given to ECP Work/Life balance group, and Sandia Parents Group): [[:File:2022_parental_balance.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2022_parental_balance.pdf | PDF]]
*SC22 SIGHPC Education Chapter overview: [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pdf | PDF]]
*SOURCES career talk: [[:File:2022_Sources_career_talk.odp | ODP ]]
*IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2022_IHPCSS_talk.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA Broadband CyberShake Validation talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 21.12 talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pdf | PDF]]
*SCEC staff meeting talk: [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pdf | PDF]]

== 2021 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX full]], [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake_lighting.pptx | PPTX lightning]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]

== 2020 ==
* Polytechnic talk resources: [[Poly 2020 outreach discussion]]
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[File:AGU_2020_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2019 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2019_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* SC19 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Research Computing workshop lightning talk: [[:File:2019_SCEC_Research_Computing_CyberShake_lightning.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2019_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]]
* UseIT talk about HPC at SCEC: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202019.pptx slides (PPTX), external link]
* SSA CyberShake science talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]. Here are links to the [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/point_src_gtl_v2.wmv 10 km smoothing movie] and [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/pt_src_gtl_20km_v2.wmv 20 km smoothing movie]
* SSA CyberShake technical talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2018 ==

* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters Symposium talk: [[:File:Callaghan_Blue_Waters_Symposium.pptx | PPTX]]
* QuakeCore GMS&V talk: [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]
* Machine learning with Keras overview: [[:File:Machine_Learning_with_Keras.odp | ODP]]

== 2017 ==

* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:2017_AGU_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* PG&E CyberShake update: [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC17_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC17_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 WORKS'17 talk on rvGAHP: [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 Women in HPC Mentoring talk: [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting plenary CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Nonlinear Workshop presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT Blue Waters tutorial: [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | tutorial text (ODT)]] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_Linux_commands.doc | Linux Command guide (DOC)]]
* UseIT HPC at SCEC talk: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202017.pptx slides (PPTX), external link] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* SSA CyberShake talk: [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters workflow seminar: [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pdf | PDF]]

== 2016 ==

* SC16 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.pdf | PDF]] or [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.odp | ODP]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting: [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pdf | PDF]]
* XSEDE Workflow overview talk: [[File:2016_Callaghan_overview_of_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC talk (PPTX)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | HPC tutorial (ODT)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_Linux_commands.odt | Sample Linux Commands (ODT)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_CCSP.odp | CCSP presentation (ODP)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_UCERF3_downsampling.odp | UCERF3 downsampling presentation (ODP)]]

== 2015 ==

* SC15 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC15_CyberShake_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2014 ==

* IHPCSS seismology talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC tutorial (PPTX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_matrix_mult.docx | Supplemental matrix multiplication (DOCX)]]

== Related Entries ==
*[[SC16]]

Callaghan Presentations

2026-09-03T21:52:35Z

Scottcal:

Below are links to presentations and related resources given by Scott Callaghan.

== 2026 ==
*SCEC Annual Meeting presentation: [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_SCEC_AM_PSHA_Platforms.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2026_SSA_CyberShake_presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2025 ==
*SC25 presentation at OSU booth: [[File:AWP_presentation_for_OSU_booth.pptx | PPTX]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*USGS NorCal Earthquake Hazards workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2025_USGS_NorCal_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]

== 2024 ==
*AGU24 and December staff meeting presentation: [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:AGU24_CyberShake_24_8_presentation.pdf | PDF]]
*SC24 presentation at OSU booth: [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC24_OSU_MPI_compression.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake Study 24.8 overview: [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.odp | ODP]], [[:File:Study_24.8_overview_for_NGAW3.pdf | PDF]]
*Geo-INQUIRE Data Lake workshop CyberShake presentation: [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:CyberShake_Data_Lake_workshop.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2024_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]

== 2023 ==
*December Staff Meeting CyberShake updates: [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Dec_Staffmtg_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
*NGA-West3 CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_NGA_West3.pdf | PDF]]
*SC23 early career talk: [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC23_ECP_career_talk.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS seismology presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
*IHPCSS workflow presentation: [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_IHPCSS_workflows.pdf | PDF]]
*GC11 conference (Solid Earth and Geohazards in the Exascale Era): [[:File:GC11_Callaghan_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
*CyberTraining for Seismology talk on CyberShake Data Access tool: [[:File:CyberShake_tutorial_for_2023_CyberTraining.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 22.12 talk: [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2023_SSA_CyberShake_22_12.pdf | PDF]]

== 2022 ==

*SC22 Early Career talk (also given to ECP Work/Life balance group, and Sandia Parents Group): [[:File:2022_parental_balance.ppt | PPT]], [[:File:2022_parental_balance.pdf | PDF]]
*SC22 SIGHPC Education Chapter overview: [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:SC22_SIGHPC_Edu_overview.pdf | PDF]]
*SOURCES career talk: [[:File:2022_Sources_career_talk.odp | ODP ]]
*IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2022_IHPCSS_talk.pptx | PPTX]]
*SSA Broadband CyberShake Validation talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_Broadband_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
*SSA CyberShake Study 21.12 talk: [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2022_SSA_CyberShake_21_12.pdf | PDF]]
*SCEC staff meeting talk: [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:Feb_2022_staff_meeting.pdf | PDF]]

== 2021 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX full]], [[:File:AGU_2021_CyberShake_lighting.pptx | PPTX lightning]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]], [[:File:2021_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]

== 2020 ==
* Polytechnic talk resources: [[Poly 2020 outreach discussion]]
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[File:AGU_2020_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2019 ==
* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:AGU_2019_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* SC19 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC19_Callaghan_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Research Computing workshop lightning talk: [[:File:2019_SCEC_Research_Computing_CyberShake_lightning.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS Workflow talk: [[:File:2019_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]]
* UseIT talk about HPC at SCEC: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202019.pptx slides (PPTX), external link]
* SSA CyberShake science talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Science_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]. Here are links to the [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/point_src_gtl_v2.wmv 10 km smoothing movie] and [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/cybershake/study_18_5/fwd_sims/pt_src_gtl_20km_v2.wmv 20 km smoothing movie]
* SSA CyberShake technical talk: [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2019_SSA_CyberShake_Technical_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]

== 2018 ==

* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2018_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters Symposium talk: [[:File:Callaghan_Blue_Waters_Symposium.pptx | PPTX]]
* QuakeCore GMS&V talk: [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:CyberShake_QuakeCore_Presentation.pdf | PDF]]
* Machine learning with Keras overview: [[:File:Machine_Learning_with_Keras.odp | ODP]]

== 2017 ==

* AGU CyberShake talk: [[:File:2017_AGU_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]]
* PG&E CyberShake update: [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:PGE_CyberShake_update.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC17_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SC17_USC_Booth.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 WORKS'17 talk on rvGAHP: [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:WORKS17_rvGAHP.pdf | PDF]]
* SC17 Women in HPC Mentoring talk: [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_WHPC_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting plenary CyberShake presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_AM_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* SCEC Nonlinear Workshop presentation: [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_SCEC_Nonlinear_Workshop.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2017_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT Blue Waters tutorial: [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | tutorial text (ODT)]] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_Linux_commands.doc | Linux Command guide (DOC)]]
* UseIT HPC at SCEC talk: [http://hypocenter.usc.edu/research/presentations/SCEC%20HPC%202017.pptx slides (PPTX), external link] and [[:File:2017_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* SSA CyberShake talk: [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Callaghan_2017_SSA_CyberShake.pdf | PDF]]
* Blue Waters workflow seminar: [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:Blue_Waters_Workflow_Seminar_Overview.pdf | PDF]]

== 2016 ==

* SC16 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.pdf | PDF]] or [[:File:SC16_RSQSim_UseIT_USC_booth.odp | ODP]]
* SCEC Annual Meeting: [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:SCEC_2016_AM_CyberShake_CISM.pdf | PDF]]
* XSEDE Workflow overview talk: [[File:2016_Callaghan_overview_of_workflows.pptx | PPTX]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2016_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC talk (PPTX)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]]
* UseIT [[:File:2016_UseIT_HPC_tutorial.odt | HPC tutorial (ODT)]] and [[:File:2016_UseIT_Linux_commands.odt | Sample Linux Commands (ODT)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_CCSP.odp | CCSP presentation (ODP)]]
* CyberShake [[:File:2016_UCERF3_downsampling.odp | UCERF3 downsampling presentation (ODP)]]

== 2015 ==

* SC15 USC booth talk: [[:File:SC15_CyberShake_USC_booth.pptx | PPTX]]

== 2014 ==

* IHPCSS seismology talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_seismology.pdf | PDF]]
* IHPCSS workflow talk: [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pptx | PPTX]] or [[:File:2014_IHPCSS_workflow.pdf | PDF]]
* UseIT [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC.pptx | HPC tutorial (PPTX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_spreadsheet.xlsx | Supplemental spreadsheet (XLSX)]] [[:File:2014_UseIT_HPC_matrix_mult.docx | Supplemental matrix multiplication (DOCX)]]

== Related Entries ==
*[[SC16]]

CyberShake Study 24.8

2026-08-26T04:34:53Z

Scottcal: /* Data Products */

CyberShake Study 24.8 is a study in Northern California which includes deterministic low-frequency (0-1 Hz) and stochastic high-frequency (1-50 Hz) simulations. We will use the [[Rupture_Variation_Generator_v5.5.2|Graves & Pitarka (2022)]] rupture generator and the high frequency modules from the SCEC Broadband Platform v22.4. This study includes vertical component seismograms, period-dependent durations, and Fourier spectra IMs, and a reduction in minimum Vs to 400 m/s.

== Status ==

This study was completed on 11/8/24 at 6:15:15 PST.

The low-frequency calculations finished on 10/30/24 at 04:52:52 PDT.

Study results are posted below.

== Data Products ==

Low-frequency hazard maps are available here: [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_lf/hazard_maps/ Low-frequency Hazard Maps].

Low-frequency GMM comparisons are available here, using [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_lf/gmpe_comparisons_NGAWest_2014_NoIdr_Vs30Simulation/ top velocity mesh value as Vs30] and [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_lf/gmpe_comparisons_NGAWest_2014_NoIdr_Vs30Thompson2020/ Thompson Vs30].

Broadband hazard maps are available here: [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_bb/hazard_maps/ Broadband Hazard Maps].

Broadband GMM comparisons are available here: [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_bb/gmpe_comparisons_NGAWest_2014_NoIdr_Vs30Thompson2020/ Broadband GMM Comparisons].

Updated statewide maps using Study 24.8 and Study 22.12 results are available here: [https://data.opensha.org/ftp/kmilner/markdown/cybershake-analysis/study_24_8_lf/multi_study_hazard_maps/resources/ 2025 Statewide Maps].

== Science Goals ==

The science goals for this study are:

*To perform an updated broadband study for the greater Bay Area.
*To use an updated rupture generator and improved velocity model from Study 18.8.
*To use the same parameters as in Study 22.12 when possible to make comparisons between the studies simple.

== Technical Goals ==

The technical goals for this study are:

*Use Frontier for the SGTs and Frontera for the post-processing and high-frequency calculations.
*Use a modified approach for the production database, to improve performance.

== Sites ==

For this study, we chose to focus on a smaller region than in [[CyberShake_Study_18.8#Sites | Study 18.8]]. Starting with the Study 18.8 region, we selected a smaller (180 km x 100 km) box extending roughly from San Jose to Santa Rosa, containing 315 sites.

{|
| [[File:Study_24_1_site_map.png|600px]]
|}

*[[Media:Study_24.1_sites.csv|CSV site list]]
*[[Media:Study_24.1_sites_names.kml|KML site list with names]]
*[[Media:Study_24.1_sites_no_names.kml|KML site list without names]]

== Ruptures to Include ==

Summary: we decided to exclude the southern San Andreas events from Study 24.8. This was implemented by creating a new ERF with ID 64, which includes all the ERF 36 ruptures except for the southern San Andreas events.

Historically, we have determined which ruptures to include in a CyberShake run by calculating the distance between the site and the closest part of the rupture surface. If that distance is less than 200 km, we then include all ruptures which take place on that surface, including ruptures which may extend much farther away from the site than 200 km.

For Northern California sites, this means that sites around San Jose and south include southern San Andreas events (events which rupture the northernmost segment of the southern San Andreas) within 200 km. Since there are some UCERF2 ruptures which extend from the Parkfield segment all the way down to Bombay Beach, the simulation volumes for some of these Northern California sites cover most of the state. This was the case for Study 18.8 (sample volumes can be seen [[Study_18.5_Velocity_Model_Comparisons#Cross-sections_from_production_velocity_mesh|on this page]]). This required tiling together 3 3D models and a background 1D model.

To simplify the velocity model and reduce the volumes, we are investigating omitting southern San Andreas events from this study.

=== Source Contribution Curves ===

Below are source contribution curves for 3 sites: s3430 (southwest corner of the study region), s3446 (southeast corner of the study region), and SJO (San Jose). In general, the sSAF events are about the 3rd largest contributor at long periods and medium-to-long return periods.

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec
|-
! s3430
| [[File:s3430_run6408_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_run6408_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_run6408_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_run6408_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_run6452_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_run6452_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_run6452_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_run6452_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_run6987_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_run6987_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_run6987_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_run6987_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

We also looked at the source contributions for these 3 sites from ASK 2014. In general, the sSAF events play a reduced role compared to the CyberShake results.

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec
|-
! s3430
| [[File:s3430_ASK2014_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_ASK2014_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_ASK2014_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3430_ASK2014_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_ASK2014_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_ASK2014_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_ASK2014_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_ASK2014_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_ASK2014_2sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_ASK2014_3sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_ASK2014_5sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_ASK2014_10sec_contributions.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

=== Disaggregations ===

From Study 18.8, we looked at disaggregations for s3430, s3446, and SJO at 1e-3 (1000 yr), 4e-4 (2500 yr), and 1e-4 (10000 yr) probability levels, at 2 and 10 seconds. We list the top 3 contributing sources from the southern SAF, their magnitude ranges, and their contributing percentages.

The only significant contributions are for site s3446 at 10 second period. Those come from large events, with median magnitude 7.85 or higher.

==== s3430 ====

{| border="1" cellpadding="3"
! Period !! 1e-3 !! 4e-4 !! 1e-4
|-
! 2 sec
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|-
! 10 sec
| 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 0.01% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 0.01% 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), <0.01%
| 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), <0.01% 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|}

==== s3446 ====
{| border="1" cellpadding="3"
! Period !! 1e-3 !! 4e-4 !! 1e-4
|-
! 2 sec
| 84 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM, M7.45-7.95), <0.01% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), <0.01% 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|-
! 10 sec
| 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), 6.83% 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 4.18% 84 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM, M7.45-7.95), 1.53%
| 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), 4.27% 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 3.09% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 1.08%
| 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 1.19% 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), 1.19% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 0.55%
|}

==== SJO ====
{|border="1" cellpadding="3"
! Period !! 1e-3 !! 4e-4 !! 1e-4
|-
! 2 sec
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|-
! 10 sec
| 85 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM, M7.55-8.15), 0.09% 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), 0.07% 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 0.05%
| 89 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG+CO, M7.75-8.45), 0.01% 88 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB+SSB+BG, M7.75-8.35), 0.01% 86 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC+BB+NM+SM+NSB, M7.65-8.25), <0.01%
| 80 (S. San Andreas;PK, M5.65-6.35), <0.01% 81 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH, M6.75-7.35), <0.01%82 (S. San Andreas;PK+CH+CC, M7.15-7.65), <0.01%
|}

== Velocity Model ==

We will perform validation of the proposed velocity model using northern California BBP events.

To line up closely with the USGS SF model angle, we will generate volumes using an angle of -36 degrees.

For generating sample meshes, we will use site s3446, a site in the SE corner of the study region with one of the larger volumes.

{|
| [[File:s3446_erf64_volume.png|thumb|400px|Simulation region for s3446 is in yellow. Also plotted are the extents of the USGS SF model, the USGS regional model, CCA-06, and CVM-S4.26.M01.]]
|}

=== Primary 3D model ===

Given the extensive low-velocity near-surface regions in the USGS SF CVM, we plan to use a minimum Vs of 400 m/s (and therefore a grid spacing of 80 m).

{|
| [[File:Sfcvm_h0_2.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

Initial slices with the USGS SF CVM are available here: [[UCVM_sfcvm_geomodelgrid]]. We found two sharply defined high-velocity patches visible on the surface slice, one in the East Bay near the mountains, and another near Gilroy. These are regions where the gabbro type goes to the surface, and so the SF CVM geological rules dictate that the high velocities go to the surface as well.

{|
| [[File:eastbay_high_vs_vertical_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

These patches are not present in the Vs30 models - for instance, for the point (37.6827, -122.086) SF CVM gives a surface Vs of about 3500 m/s, but Wills (2015) has Vs30=710 and Thompson (2018) has Vs30=702.

=== Potential modification to gabbro regions ===

A candidate modification to the gabbro regions to reduce the near-surface velocities is to apply the approach used by Arben Pitarka and Rie Nakata, detailed below.

{| border="1"
! Component !! At surface !! At 7.75 km depth !! derivation
|-
! Vp
| 4.2 km/s || 5.7 km/s || Linear interpolation
|-
! Vs
| 2.44 km/s || 3.4 km/s || Vp/Vs relationship
|-
! Density
| 2.76 g/cm3 || 2.87 g/cm3 || Vp/Density relationship
|}

The Vs (km/s) values are derived from Vp (km/s) using the San Leandro Gabbro relationship:
<pre>Vs = 0.7858 - 1.2344*Vp + 0.7949*Vp^2 - 0.1238*Vp^3 + 0.0064*Vp^4</pre>

The density (g/cm3) values are derived from Vp (km/s) using the San Leandro Gabbro relationship:
<pre>density = 2.4372 + 0.0761*Vp</pre>

A sample plot is below.

{|
| [[File:Nakata_and_Pitarka_modification_slice.png|thumb|800px]]
|}

=== Background model ===

For Study 24.8, we decided to go with the [[Sierra Foothills 1D]] model, which extends the Sierra region of SFCVM.

There are several candidates to use as a background model for the regions outside of the 3D model region.

1D models
#1D Broadband Platform model - either Northern California, Central California, or the Southern Sierras.
#1D CVM-S4 background model
#Extend eastern edge of SFCVM model to fill the remaining volume
#1D CCA model (derived from averaging CCA-06), used in Study 17.3

3D models
#3D CANVAS long-period tomography model
#3D National Crustal model

Plots of these options are available below.

{|
! 1D Model !! BBP NorCal || BBP CenCal !! BBP SouthernSierras !! CVM-S4.26.M01 1D background !! CCA 1D
|-
! Plot
| [[File:nocal500.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:centralcal500.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ssn2-500.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:cvms426_1dbackground.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Cs_cca_ucvm_1d_all.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

=== Cross-sections ===

==== Cross-sections, no smoothing, CVM-S4.26.M01 1D background ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, CVM-S4.26.M01. This model was extracted on 2/28/24, and is one of the largest volumes needed for the study.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are vertical cross-sections taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, CVM-S4.26.M01. This model was extracted on 2/28/24, and is one of the largest volumes needed for the study.

{|
| [[File:s3446_cross_section_locations.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, smoothing, CVM-S4.26.M01 1D background ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated with smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, CVM-S4.26.M01. This model was extracted on 2/28/24.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_smooth_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are vertical cross-sections taken from a model for s3446 generated with smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, CVM-S4.26.M01. This model was extracted on 2/28/24.

{|
| [[File:s3446_smoothed_cross_section_locations.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_smoothed_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, no smoothing, Southern Sierra BBP 1D background ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, Southern Sierra BBP1D model. This model was extracted on 3/13/24.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06, Southern Sierra BBP1D model. This model was extracted on 3/13/24.

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_nosmooth_ss_bbp1d_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, no smoothing, extended SFCVM Sierra 1D background, CCA + taper ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06 + taper, 1D representation of the Sierra foothills in SFCVM. This model was extracted on 4/2/24.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are vertical cross-sections.

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, smoothing, extended SFCVM Sierra 1D background, CCA + taper ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated with smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06 + taper, 1D representation of the Sierra foothills in SFCVM. This model was extracted on 4/2/24.

{|
! 0m !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:s3446_0m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_80m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_800m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_2000m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_4000m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3446_10000m_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Below are vertical cross-sections.

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:s3446_x_2400_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_4800_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_x_7200_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:s3446_y_1400_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_y_2800_smooth_sfcvm_extended_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Cross-sections, no smoothing, extended SFCVM Sierra 1D background with taper, CCA + taper ====

Below are horizontal cross-sections at various depths taken from a model for s3446 generated without smoothing, with the tiling SFCVM, CCA-06 + taper, 1D representation of the Sierra foothills in SFCVM + taper. This plot includes our typical practice of populating the surface point by querying the models at a depth of grid_spacing/4, or 20m. This model was extracted on 4/9/24.

{|
! Surface (20m) !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:4_9 s3446_0m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_80m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_800m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_2000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_4000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_10000m_nosmooth_sfcvm_extended_taper_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

{|
! Y=2400 !! Y=4800 !! Y=7200
|-
| [[File:4_9_s3446_x_2400_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_x_4800_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_x_7200_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

{|
! X=1400 !! X=2800
|-
| [[File:4_9_s3446_y_1400_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:4_9_s3446_y_2800_nosmooth_vs.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

=== Candidate Model (RC1) ===

Our candidate model is generated using (1) SFCVM with the gabbro modifications; (2) CCA-06 with the merged taper in the top 700m; (3) the [[NC1D]] model with the merged taper in the top 700m.

{|
! Surface (20m) !! 80m !! 800m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:4_19 s3446_20m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_80m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_800m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_2000m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_4000m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:4_19_s3446_10000m_smooth_RC1_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

=== Vp/Vs Ratio Adjustment ===

For this study, we are modifying our approach to preserving the Vp/Vs ratio when applying a Vs floor to avoid very large Vp/Vs ratios.

Our previous approach for applying the Vs floor is as follows:

#If Vs < Vs_floor (400 m/s):
##Calculate the Vp/Vs ratio
##Change Vs to the floor
##Calculate a new Vp using Vp = Vs_floor * Vp/Vs ratio
#Apply Vp and density floors

However, there are some sites with very high Vp/Vs ratios near the surface where Vs is low. Therefore, if this algorithm is applied, unexpectedly high Vp values may result.

Here is a vertical profile at site s3240 (Moffett Field). You can see the high surface Vp value:

{|
| [[File:s3240_vert_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

Looking in more detail, here are the Vp and Vs values in the top 90m at s3240:

{| border="1"
! Depth (m) !! Vp !! Vs !! Vp/Vs ratio !! Adjusted Vs !! Adjusted Vp
|-
| 0 || 739 || 81 || 9.12 || 400 || 3649
|-
| 10 || 1009 || 82 || 12.30 || 400 || 4922
|-
| 20 || 1309 || 84 || 15.58 || 400 || 6233 
|-
| 30 || 1502 || 152 || 9.88 || 400 || 3953
|-
| 40 || 1590 || 285 || 5.58 || 400 || 3649
|-
| 50 || 1678 || 418 || 4.01
|-
| 60 || 1711 || 436 || 3.92
|-
| 70 || 1744 || 453 || 3.85
|-
| 80 || 1776 || 471 || 3.77
|-
| 90 || 1807 || 489 || 3.70
|}

Since we are using 80m grid spacing, and populating the surface point at a depth of (grid spacing)/4 = 20m, the values at 20m and 80m are being used. The very high Vp/Vs ratio at 20m means that a very high Vp value is used.

These high Vp/Vs ratios occur at a number of locations around San Francisco Bay, illustrated in the surface Vp plot below:

{|
| [[File:s3240_surface_vp.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

To solve this problem, we will modify the process for applying the Vs floor. We will use the Vp/Vs ratio at 80m depth instead of at the surface, and use a maximum ratio of 4. A similar process was used in the HighF project.

#If Vs < Vs_floor (400 m/s):
##If surface grid point:
###Calculate Vp/Vs ratio at 1 grid point depth (80m)
###If Vp/Vs ratio > 4:
####Lower Vp/Vs ratio to 4
##Else:
###Calculate Vp/Vs ratio at this grid point
##New Vs = Vs_floor
##New Vp = Vs * (potentially modified) Vp/Vs ratio.
#Apply Vp and density floors.

Below is a surface Vp plot with the ratio modification. Note that the areas of previous high Vp have been reduced.

{|
| [[File:s3240_modifiedratio_surface_vp.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

=== Candidate Model (RC2) ===

Candidate model RC2 is generated using the following procedure:
#Tiling with:
##USGS SFCVM v21.1
##CCA-06
##1D background model, derived as an extension of the Sierra section of the SFCVM model and described [[NC1D|here]].
#Surface points are populated using a depth of (grid spacing)/4, which is 20m for these meshes.
#An Ely-Jordan taper is applied to the top 700m across all models using Vs30 values from Thompson et al. (2020).
#Application of a Vs floor of 400 m/s, using the procedure outlined in [[CyberShake_Study_24.8#Vp/Vs Ratio Adjustment]].
#Smoothing is applied within 20km of a model boundary.

Vs plots:

{|
! Surface (20m) !! 80m !! 160m !! 320m !! 640m !! 2000m !! 4000m !! 10000m
|-
| [[File:8_5_s3446_20m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_80m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_160m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_320m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_640m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_2000m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_4000m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:8_5_s3446_10000m_smooth_RC2_vs.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

Surface Vp plot:

{|
| [[File:8_5_s3446_20m_smooth_RC2_vp.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

=== Taper impact ===

Below are velocity profiles for the 20 stress test sites, with and without the near-surface taper.

{|
! Site !! Without taper !! With taper (top 700m) !! Vs overlay
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:ALBY_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:ALBY_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! BLMT
| [[File:BLMT_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:BLMT_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:BLMT_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CFCS_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CFCS_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CSU1_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CSU1_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! DALY
| [[File:DALY_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:DALY_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:DALY_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:HAYW_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:HAYW_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LICK
| [[File:LICK_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:LICK_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:LICK_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:LVMR_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:LVMR_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! MSRA
| [[File:MSRA_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:MSRA_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:MSRA_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! NAPA
| [[File:NAPA_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:NAPA_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:NAPA_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PTRY
| [[File:PTRY_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:PTRY_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:PTRY_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3171_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3171_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3240_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3240_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:s3446_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SFRH_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SFRH_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SSFO
| [[File:SSFO_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SSFO_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SSFO_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SSOL
| [[File:SSOL_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SSOL_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SSOL_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SRSA
| [[File:SRSA_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SRSA_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SRSA_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_notaper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SJO_taper_profile.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:SJO_overlay_profile.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

== Strain Green Tensors ==

We will use the HIP implementation of AWP-ODC-SGT, with the following parameters:
*Grid spacing: 80 m
*DT: 0.004 sec
*NT: 50000 timesteps by default, increased to 75000 for sites with any site-to-hypocenter distance greater than 450 km.
*Minimum Vs: 400 m/s

SGTs will be saved with a time decimation of 10, so every 0.04 sec.

== Vertical Component ==

We will include vertical (Z) component seismograms in this study. To support this, we will produce Z-component SGTs and include Z-component synthesis in the post-processing and broadband stages.

Verification that the Z component codes are working correctly is documented at [[Vertical component verification]].

== Rupture Generator ==

We will use the same version of the rupture generator that we used for Study 22.12, v5.5.2.

To match the SGT timestep, SRFs will be generated with dt=0.04s, deterministic seismograms will be output with dt=0.04s, and broadband seismograms will use dt=0.01s.

== High-frequency codes ==

We will use the Graves & Pitarka high-frequency codes from the BBP v22.4.

However, since we are using a denser mesh (80m) and a lower minimum Vs (400 m/s), we will not apply site correction to the low-frequency seismograms before combining. Rob states, You may recall that there is a klugy process we have used to estimate the Vref value based on the Vsmin and grid spacing of the model. But, it has only been applied for the case of h=100 m and Vsmin=500 m/s. What I found here is that estimating Vref using the 80m & 400m/s model is that Vref is almost always less than Vs30 (i.e., Vsite). This means that when the site adjustment is applied, the motions are deamplified. This is why we see such a poor fit for the 3D case when using the estimated Vref values. My conclusion at this point is that if we run the 3D calculation with 80 m grid spacing and Vsmin of 400 m/s (or lower), then we probably do not need to apply any site adjustments.

== Validation ==

We performed [[Loma Prieta Validation | validation runs for the Loma Prieta BBP event]].

== Hazard Curve Tests ==

We are calculating test hazard curves for the following sites:

{|
| [[File:Study_24.6_test_sites_map.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

=== Results using velocity model RC1 ===

==== Low-frequency curves ====

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_10676_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3446_10676_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_10677_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3240_10677_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10677_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_10678_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:ALBY_10678_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10678_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_10683_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:SJO_10683_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10683_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_10684_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CFCS_10684_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10684_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_10685_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3171_10685_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10685_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10687_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_10686_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CSU1_10686_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10686_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_10681_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:SFRH_10681_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10681_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_10682_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:LVMR_10682_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10682_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_10679_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:HAYW_10679_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10679_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

==== High-frequency curves ====

{|
! Site !! 1 sec !! 0.5 sec !! 0.2 sec !! 0.1 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_10676_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_10676_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_10689_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10689_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10689_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10689_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_10694_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10694_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10694_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10694_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_10695_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10695_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10695_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10695_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_10693_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10693_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10693_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10693_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_10688_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10688_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10688_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10688_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_10691_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10691_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10691_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10691_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_10692_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10692_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10692_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10692_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_10690_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10690_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10690_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10690_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_10696_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10696_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10696_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10696_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_10697_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10697_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10697_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10697_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

=== Results using velocity model RC2 ===

==== Low-frequency curves ====

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_10708_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3240_10708_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10708_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_10709_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:ALBY_10709_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10709_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_10710_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:SJO_10710_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10710_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_10711_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CFCS_10711_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10711_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_10712_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:s3171_10712_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10712_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10713_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_10714_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:CSU1_10714_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10714_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_10715_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:SFRH_10715_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10715_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_10715_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:LVMR_10715_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10715_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_10717_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|
| [[File:HAYW_10717_2sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_3sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_5sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10717_10sec_RotD50_log.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

==== Comparisons with Study 18.8 ====

Study 18.8 curves are in red, and new curves are in black.

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_Aug9_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_Aug9_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_Aug9_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_Aug9_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|}

==== High-frequency curves ====

{|
! Site !! 1 sec !! 0.5 sec !! 0.2 sec !! 0.1 sec !! Vertical profile
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_10724_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10724_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10724_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_10724_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_10725_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10725_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10725_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_10725_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_10723_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10723_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10723_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_10723_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_10718_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10718_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10718_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10718_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_10719_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10719_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10719_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_10719_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_10720_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10720_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10720_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_10720_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_10721_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10721_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10721_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_10721_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_10722_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10722_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10722_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_10722_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_10726_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10726_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10726_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_10726_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_10727_1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10727_0.5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10727_0.2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_10727_0.1sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

== Updates and Enhancements ==

*Used smaller study region than in Study 18.8.
*Removed southern San Andreas events, and created a new ERF.

== Output Data Products ==

=== File-based data products ===

We plan to produce the following data products, which will be stored at CARC:

==== Deterministic ====

*Seismograms: 3-component seismograms, 10000 timesteps (400 sec, dt=0.04s) each.
*PSA: We are removing geometric mean PSA calculations from this study.
*RotD: PGV, and RotD50, RotD100, and the RotD100 azimuth at 27 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1)
*Vertical response spectra at 27 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1).
*Durations: for X and Y components, energy integral, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), and for both velocity and acceleration, 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80%. Also, period-dependent acceleration 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80% for 27 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1).

==== Broadband ====

*Seismograms: 3-component seismograms, 40000 timesteps (400 sec, dt=0.01s) each.
*PSA: We are removing geometric mean PSA calculations from this study.
*RotD: PGA, PGV, and RotD50, RotD100, and the the RotD100 azimuth at 68 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.85, 0.75, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.28, 0.26, 0.24, 0.22, 0.2, 0.17, 0.15, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.1, 0.085, 0.075, 0.065, 0.06, 0.055, 0.05, 0.045, 0.04, 0.035, 0.032, 0.029, 0.025, 0.022, 0.02, 0.017, 0.015, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01)
*Vertical response spectra at 68 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1).
*Durations: for X and Y components, energy integral, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), and for both velocity and acceleration, 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80%. Also, period-dependent acceleration 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80% for 68 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.85, 0.75, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.28, 0.26, 0.24, 0.22, 0.2, 0.17, 0.15, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.1, 0.085, 0.075, 0.065, 0.06, 0.055, 0.05, 0.045, 0.04, 0.035, 0.032, 0.029, 0.025, 0.022, 0.02, 0.017, 0.015, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01)

=== Database data products ===

We plan to store the following data products in the database on moment-carc:

==== Deterministic ====

*RotD50 for 6 periods (10, 7.5, 5, 4, 3, 2). Note that we are NOT storing RotD100.
*Duration: acceleration 5-75% and 5-95% for both X and Y

==== Broadband ====

*RotD50 for PGA, PGV, and 19 periods (10, 7.5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.075, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01). Note that we are NOT storing RotD100.

=== Hazard products ===

For each site, we will produce hazard curves from the deterministic results at 10, 5, 3, and 2 seconds, and from the broadband results at 10, 5, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 seconds.

When the study is complete, we will produce maps from the deterministic results at 10, 5, 3, and 2 seconds, and from the broadband results at 10, 5, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 seconds.

=== Data products after the study ===

After the study completes, we plan to compute Fourier spectra for all 3 components:

*For deterministic, at 27 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1).
*For broadband at 68 periods (20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 10, 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2, 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.85, 0.75, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.28, 0.26, 0.24, 0.22, 0.2, 0.17, 0.15, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.1, 0.085, 0.075, 0.065, 0.06, 0.055, 0.05, 0.045, 0.04, 0.035, 0.032, 0.029, 0.025, 0.022, 0.02, 0.017, 0.015, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01)

== Computational and Data Estimates ==

=== Computational Estimates ===

We based these estimates on the test sites.

{| class="wikitable"
|+SGT calculation
! !! UCVM runtime !! UCVM nodes !! SGT runtime (3 components) !! SGT nodes !! Other SGT workflow jobs !! SGT Total
|-
! Average of 11 test sites
| 761 sec || 96 || 7134 sec || 100 || 7200 node-sec || 220 node-hrs
|}

220 node-hrs/site x 315 sites + 10% overrun = 76,230 node-hours for SGT workflows on Frontier.

{| class="wikitable"
|+PP calculation
! !! DirectSynth runtime !! DirectSynth nodes !! Additional runtime for period-dependent calculation !! PP Total
|-
! 75th percentile of 10 test sites
| 13914 sec || 60 || 61938 core-sec || 232.2 node-hrs
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+BB calculation
! !! BB runtime !! BB nodes !! Additional runtime for period-dependent calculation !! BB Total
|-
! 75th percentile of 10 test sites
| 8019 sec || 40 || 61938 core-sec || 89.4 node-hrs
|}

(232.2+89.7) node-hrs/site x 315 sites + 10% overrun = 111,500 node-hours for PP and BB calculations on Frontera.

=== Data Estimates ===

We use the 75th percentile estimate of 206,500 rupture variations.

We are generating 3-component SGTs and 3-component seismograms, with 10k timesteps (400 sec) for LF and 40k timesteps (400 sec) for BB.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Data estimates
! !! Velocity mesh !! SGTs size !! Temp data !! LF Output data !! BB Output data !! Total output data
|-
! Per site, derived from 10 site average (GB)
| 359 || 1131 || 1490 || 23.7 || 93.6 || 117.3
|-
! Total for 335 sites (TB)
| 110 || 348 || 458 || 7.3 || 28.8 || 36.1
|}

==== CARC ====

We estimate 117.3 GB/site x 315 sites = 36.1 TB in output data, which will be transferred back to CARC. We currently have 29 TB free.

==== shock-carc ====

We estimate (3 MB SGT + 32 MB PP + 219 MB BB logs + 3 MB output products) x 315 sites = 79 GB in workflow log space on /home/shock. This drive has approximately 1.2 TB free.

==== moment-carc database ====

The PeakAmplitudes table uses approximately 183 bytes for data + 179 bytes for index = 363 bytes per entry.

362 bytes/entry * 35 entries/event (10 det + 25 stoch) * 206,500 events/site * 315 sites = 768 GB. The drive on moment-carc with the mysql database has 6.6 TB free.

== Lessons Learned ==
*The SRFs used in this study weren't quite what was intended; they had subfault relocation on and used a different risetime. Consider running an SRF check before starting the study. More details about the subfault perturbation issue are given on the [[CyberShake_Study_22.12#Subfault_Perturbation | Study 22.12 wiki page]].
*The runtime requested for post-processing jobs was higher than what was needed, increasing queue times for awhile.
*The scottcal account went over quota on /home at Frontera, an issue for writing rvGAHP files.
*Due to the lack of support for outgoing connections, there was not an easy way to bundle jobs on Frontier and we ran the SGT jobs individually.
*Due to an issue with migrating the Study 22.12 changes back to the main Github branch, FP was being overwritten as 0.5 instead of using the 1.0 value from the IN3D file.

== Stress Test ==

For the stress test, we will run the first 20 sites and check for scientific and technical issues.

Usage before the stress test:
*On Frontier, 587,856 of 700,000 node-hours for project GEO156. callag has used 22,166 node-hours.
*On Frontera, 316,715 of 600,000 node-hours for project EAR20006. scottcal has used 11,274 node-hours.

The stress test began on 8/27/24 at 11:25:23 PDT.

To help us finish the stress test before the SCEC AM, TACC granted us a Frontera reservation for 200 nodes for 8 days, beginning on 8/28/24 at 8 am PDT. We didn't realized we needed to specify the --reservation tag, so we began utilizing it around 9 am PDT.

We gave the reservation back in the morning of 8/30. After the stress test, callag had used 32,660 node-hours on Frontier and scottcal used 18,493 node-hours on Frontera.

Stress test computational cost:

*SGTs: 10494/20 sites = 524.7 node-hours per site, about 2.4x what we estimated. This is mostly due to having used meshes with a -55 degree angle, resulting in larger meshes requiring more computation time.
*PP and BB: 370.0 node-hours per site, about 15% more than we estimated.

=== Changes from stress test ===

Based on the stress test, we made the following changes:
*Reduced ramp-up time for DirectSynth worker processes.
*Fixed issue with PGV writing to files in the BB codes.
*Changed mesh angle from -55 to -36 degrees.
*Changed smoothing zone from 10 km on either side of the boundary to 20 km.
*Fixed issue with vertical response and period duration files not automatically transferred.
*Discovered issue with accessing moment-carc through the USC VPN - confirmed that neither Xiaofeng nor Kevin can access it.

=== Stress test results ===

Below are hazard curves for the 20 test sites in the stress test.

{|
| [[File:study_24_8_stress_test_sites.png|thumb|600px]]
|}

A KML file with the stress test sites is available [[Media:Study_24_8_stress_test_sites.kml|here]].

==== Low-frequency ====

These curves (in black) include comparisons with Study 18.8 (in red)

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_r10730_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_r10730_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_r10730_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_r10730_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_r10731_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_r10731_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_r10731_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_r10731_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_r10734_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_r10734_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_r10734_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_r10734_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSUEB
| [[File:CSUEB_r10735_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_r10735_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_r10735_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSUEB_r10735_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! CSU1
| [[File:CSU1_r10736_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_r10736_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_r10736_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CSU1_r10736_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SFRH
| [[File:SFRH_r10737_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_r10737_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_r10737_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SFRH_r10737_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_r10738_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_r10738_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_r10738_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_r10738_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_r10739_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_r10739_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_r10739_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_r10739_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! NAPA
| [[File:NAPA_r10741_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:NAPA_r10741_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:NAPA_r10741_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:NAPA_r10741_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SRSA
| [[File:SRSA_r10742_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SRSA_r10742_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SRSA_r10742_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SRSA_r10742_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! MSRA
| [[File:MSRA_r10743_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MSRA_r10743_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MSRA_r10743_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:MSRA_r10743_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! PTRY
| [[File:PTRY_r10744_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PTRY_r10744_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PTRY_r10744_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PTRY_r10744_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! DALY
| [[File:DALY_r10745_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:DALY_r10745_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:DALY_r10745_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:DALY_r10745_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SSOL
| [[File:SSOL_r10746_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSOL_r10746_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSOL_r10746_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSOL_r10746_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LICK
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SSFO
| [[File:SSFO_r10748_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSFO_r10748_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSFO_r10748_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSFO_r10748_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! BLMT
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

==== Sites with notable differences ====

We identified 3 sites with notable differences between Study 24.8 and Study 18.8:
*LVMR is higher at 10 sec
*CFCS is higher 2, 3, 5 sec
*s3171 is lower at 3, 5, 10 sec

We believe the difference in LVMR is due to the expanded basin added in SFCVM v21.1, and s3171 can be explained by the change in profile as well:

{|
! Site !! Profile, SFCVM v21.1 !! Profile, Cencal model used in Study 18.8
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:LVMR_cencal_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_RC2_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
| [[File:s3171_cencal_vert_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|}

A scatterplot comparing the average 2 sec RotD50 value for each rupture shows that the Study 24.8 results are consistently higher than the 18.8 results for CFCS:

{|
| [[File:CFCS_scatterplot.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

We extracted vertical slices for the top from Cencal (floor = 500 m/s) and the Study 24.8 model (taper, floor = 400 m/s) for the top 5000 m along an east-west line running through CFCS.

{|
! Vertical slice, Study 24.8 !! Vertical slice, Cencal
|-
| [[File:CFCS_RC2_vert_slice.png|thumb|400px]]
| [[File:CFCS_cencal_vert_slice.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

==== Corrected Study 18.8 comparisons ====

In an attempt to replicate the Study 18.8 results, we discovered that the Study 18.8 velocity models were tiled in a different order than for Study 24.8: CCA-06, then CenCal, then CVM-S4.26.M01, as described [[CyberShake_Study_18.8#Configuration_for_this_study | here]]. Several of the stress test sites fall within the 20 km smoothing zone surrounding the Study 18.8 CCA-06/Cencal interface (interface in blue, 20km zone in white):

{|
| [[File:Study_18_8_20km_smoothing_region_stress_test_sites.png|thumb|400px]]
|}

We compared the velocity profiles of Study 24.8 and the correct Study 18.8 configuration for the 5 stress test sites. For CFCS, this explains the sharp increase in hazard. The Study 18.8 profile is in blue, and the Study 24.8 profile is in orange.

{|
! Site !! Vs overlay, top 700m !! 2 sec curve !! 3 sec curve !! 5 sec curve !! 10 sec curve
|-
! CFCS
| [[File:CFCS_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CFCS_r10733_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_r10732_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_r10740_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! BLMT
| [[File:BLMT_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:BLMT_r10749_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! LICK
| [[File:LICK_248_188_overlay.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LICK_r10747_248_v_188_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
|}

==== Impact of rotation angle and smoothing zone ====

Based on the below analysis, we will rerun the stress test sites with the intended angle of -36 degrees and a 20 km smoothing zone so that all Study 24.8 results will be consistent.

We discovered that the stress test sites were run with a volume rotation angle of -55 degrees and a smoothing zone width of 10 km on either side of the interface. This is different from our intended rotation angle of -36 degrees and smoothing zone width of 20 km. To quantify the impact of this, we ran CFCS with the updated values. Comparisons are below. The black curves are the stress test run, the blue curves are the corrected run.

{|
! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec
|-
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_2sec_curve.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_3sec_curve.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_5sec_curve.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_10sec_curve.png|thumb|350px]]
|-
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_2sec_scatter.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_3sec_scatter.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_5sec_scatter.png|thumb|350px]]
| [[File:CFCS_10733_v_10771_10sec_scatter.png|thumb|350px]]
|}

== Events During Study ==

The main study began on 9/24/24 at 11:49:59 PDT.

We began with a maximum of 5 workflows on Frontier and 20 on Frontera. Later on 9/24 we increased the number of Frontier workflows to 15.

On 9/30, moment-carc wasn't passed to the Check Duration job for finishing PP workflows. I updated the dax generator to correctly pass through the desired database for this job.

On 9/30, I ran out of /home quota on Frontera. This was an issue because some of the rvGAHP-related logs are written here, and it resulted in "Failed to start transfer GAHP" errors. I cleaned up some space on /home and released the jobs.

On 9/30, the merge_pmc jobs were held because they still included the stress test reservation on Frontera. I removed the reservation string and released the jobs.

On 10/1, I found that the cronjob on Frontier to monitor job usage was removed from the crontab, so I added it back.

On 10/2, I turned off stochastic calculations on Frontera while we investigated the unexpected BB results from the stress test.

On 10/10, the work2 filesystem on Frontera, where the executables and rupture files are hosted, had a problem, causing all the Frontera jobs to be held. Additionally, login4, the host which connects to shock, was unavailable. When login4 returned we restarted the rvGAHP process.

On 10/16, the scottcal account was added to the CyberShake DesignSafe project. This meant that scottcal is now part of 3 allocations, leading to a Slurm error when jobs were submitted without specifying an account, meaning Condor jobs were held. I added the EAR20006 account to all Frontera jobs, and had to manually add it for jobs which were already planned.

On 10/16, I realized that DirectSynth jobs were requesting a wallclock time of 10 hours, but these jobs are usually only taking a bit more than 4. I changed the requested job length to 5 hours.

On 10/17, I discovered that the PP Error jobs were because the corresponding SGT workflow had finished its Update and Handoff jobs, but then the stage-out of the SGTs to Frontera failed because of Globus consents. The registration job is dependent on stage-out, so it didn't run either. Then, when the PP workflow tries to plan, it can't find a copy of the SGT files on Frontera and aborts. I couldn't use the standard CyberShake scripts to restart these workflows, since in the database they were already recorded as SGT Generated, so instead I just reran the pegasus-run commands in the log-plan* files.

On 10/18, I got an email from TACC staff that the jobs are causing too much load on the scratch filesystem, and a request to reduce the number of simultaneous jobs to 4. I reduced the number of Frontera slots to 4 in the workflow auto-submission tool, and am following up to learn the specifics of the problem and if there's a way to fix it.

SGT calculations on Frontier finished on 10/18/24 at 12:59:43 PDT.

On 10/21, the broadband transfers to Corral for Study 22.12 resulted in going over quota on CARC scratch1 again, interfering with the workflows for this study. I cleaned up scratch1 and fixed the issue.

On 10/28-30, the work2 filesystem and scheduler on Frontera had a number of issues, requiring restarts of the rvGAHP daemon and some work to recover the job state.

=== Renewal of Globus consents ===

We will track when we renew the Globus consents.

10/6

10/9

10/13

10/17

10/24

10/29

11/5

=== Restarts of the rvgahp daemons ===

We will track when we restart the rvgahp daemons on login10@frontier and login4@frontera.

10/9 on Frontera

10/10 on Frontera (node crashed)

10/29 on Frontera (filesystem issues)

10/30 on Frontera (continuing filesystem issues)

11/7 on Frontera

== Performance Metrics ==

At the start of the main study, project geo156 on Frontier has used 609101 node-hours (of 700,000). User callag has used 33398 node-hours. Project EAR20006 has used 12925.147 node-hours (of 676,000). User scottcal has used 503.796 node-hours.

At the end of the main study, project geo156 had used 671,656 node-hours. User callag has used 88881.2 node-hours. project EAR20006 had 511480 node-hours remaining (out of 676,000). User scottcal used 125411.21 node-hours.

In total, the study used 55483 node-hours on Frontier and 124907 node-hours on Frontera. This is difficult to translate into core-hours. Each Frontier node has 64 cores plus 8 GPUs. Each GPU has 110 compute units, so we will assume each node has 64 + 110*8 = 944 'cores'. Each Frontera node has 56 cores. We translate this to 52.4M core-hours on Frontier and 7.0M core-hours on Frontera.

The study ran from 9/24/24 11:49:59 PDT to 11/8/24 6:15:15 PST, a duration of 1075.4 hrs (44.8 days).

Our high-water marks were 4130 nodes on Frontier (44%) and 1029 nodes on Frontera (12%). Neither used a reservation or priority bump.

Pegasus managed about 1 PB of data.

We staged about 9 million output files totaling 36 TB back to long-term storage at USC CARC.

We ran 945 top-level workflows, with an average of 15 running at a time.

We ran approximately 27,720 jobs. Of these, 7245 were remote, 8190 were local, 5985 were directory creation, 5355 were staging, and 945 were registration.

126,818,608 three-component seismograms (half LF, half BB), 11.5 billion low-frequency IMs, and 22.8 billion broadband IMs were calculated.

Total number of rupture variations is 63,409,304.

== Production Checklist ==

*<s>Run test workflow against moment-carc.</s>
*<s>Investigate velocity profile differences with Mei's plots (s3171 and HAYW)</s>
*<s>Wrap period-dependent duration code and test in PP.</s>
*<s>Wrap period-dependent duration code and test in BB.</s>
*<s>Integrate period-dependent duration code into workflows.</s>
*<s>Update data and compute estimates.</s>
*<s>Determine where to copy output data.</s>
*<s>Modify workflows to remove double-staging of SGTs to Frontera.</s>
*<s>Schedule and hold readiness reviews with TACC and OLCF.</s>
*<s>Modify workflows to only insert RotD50, not RotD100.</s>
*<s>Science readiness review</s>
*<s>Technical readiness review</s>
*<s>Verify that vertical component response is being calculated correctly.</s>
*<s>Set up cronjobs to monitor usage.</s>
*<s>Solve issue with putting velocity parameters into the database from Frontier.</s>
*<s>Tag code in github repository</s>

== Presentations, Posters, and Papers ==

== References ==

File:Norcal horiz slice abs diff 640m.png

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Scottcal:

File:Norcal horiz slice abs diff 8000m.png

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Scottcal:

File:Norcal horiz slice abs diff 2000m.png

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Scottcal:

File:Norcal horiz slice abs diff 320m.png

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Scottcal:

File:Norcal horiz slice abs diff 160m.png

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Scottcal:

File:Norcal horiz slice abs diff 80m.png

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Scottcal:

File:Norcal horiz slice abs diff 0m.png

2026-08-20T15:45:20Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal horiz slice percent diff 8000m.png

2026-08-20T15:43:19Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal horiz slice percent diff 2000m.png

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Scottcal:

File:Norcal horiz slice percent diff 640m.png

2026-08-20T15:43:11Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal horiz slice percent diff 320m.png

2026-08-20T15:43:04Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal horiz slice percent diff 160m.png

2026-08-20T15:43:00Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal horiz slice percent diff 80m.png

2026-08-20T15:42:54Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal horiz slice percent diff 0m.png

2026-08-20T15:42:49Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal MUSCAL horiz slice 8000m.png

2026-08-20T15:42:12Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal MUSCAL horiz slice 2000m.png

2026-08-20T15:42:07Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal MUSCAL horiz slice 640m.png

2026-08-20T15:42:03Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal MUSCAL horiz slice 320m.png

2026-08-20T15:41:58Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal MUSCAL horiz slice 160m.png

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Scottcal:

File:Norcal MUSCAL horiz slice 80m.png

2026-08-20T15:41:46Z

Scottcal:

CyberShake MUSCAL

2026-08-20T15:41:24Z

Scottcal: /* Northern California */

This page documents CyberShake results using the 3D [[MUSCAL]] velocity model.

== Hazard Curves ==

=== Southern California ===

{|
| [[File:so_cal_sites.png|thumb|800px]]
|}

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec !! Profile
|-
! USC
| [[File:USC_11774_v_9306_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_11774_v_9306_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_11774_v_9306_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_11774_v_9306_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:USC_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! PAS
| [[File:PAS_11775_v_9308_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_11775_v_9308_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_11775_v_9308_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_11775_v_9308_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:PAS_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! LADT
| [[File:LADT_11776_v_9310_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LADT_11776_v_9310_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LADT_11776_v_9310_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LADT_11776_v_9310_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LADT_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! LBP
| [[File:LBP_11777_v_9312_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LBP_11777_v_9312_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LBP_11777_v_9312_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LBP_11777_v_9312_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LBP_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! WNGC
| [[File:WNGC_11778_v_9314_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_11778_v_9314_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_11778_v_9314_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_11778_v_9314_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:WNGC_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SABD
| [[File:SABD_11779_v_9318_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SABD_11779_v_9318_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SABD_11779_v_9318_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SABD_11779_v_9318_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SABD_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SBSM
| [[File:SBSM_11780_v_9320_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SBSM_11780_v_9320_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SBSM_11780_v_9320_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SBSM_11780_v_9320_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SBSM_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! FFI
| [[File:FFI_11781_v_9322_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:FFI_11781_v_9322_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:FFI_11781_v_9322_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:FFI_11781_v_9322_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:FFI_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! CCP
| [[File:CCP_11782_v_9324_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CCP_11782_v_9324_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CCP_11782_v_9324_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CCP_11782_v_9324_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:CCP_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SMCA
| [[File:SMCA_11783_v_9326_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SMCA_11783_v_9326_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SMCA_11783_v_9326_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SMCA_11783_v_9326_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SMCA_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|}

=== Northern California ===

{|
| [[File:nor_cal_sites.png|thumb|800px]]
|}

{|
! Site !! 2 sec !! 3 sec !! 5 sec !! 10 sec !! Profile
|-
! SSFO
| [[File:SSFO_11784_v_11042_2sec.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSFO_11784_v_11042_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSFO_11784_v_11042_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSFO_11784_v_11042_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SSFO_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3240
| [[File:s3240_11785_v_10787_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_11785_v_10787_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_11785_v_10787_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_11785_v_10787_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3240_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! HAYW
| [[File:HAYW_11786_v_10782_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_11786_v_10782_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_11786_v_10782_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_11786_v_10782_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:HAYW_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SJO
| [[File:SJO_11787_v_10776_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_11787_10776_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_11787_10776_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_11787_10776_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SJO_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3446
| [[File:s3446_11788_v_10788_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_11788_v_10788_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_11788_v_10788_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_11788_v_10788_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3446_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! SRSA
| [[File:SRSA_11789_v_10777_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SRSA_11789_v_10777_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SRSA_11789_v_10777_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SRSA_11789_v_10777_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:SRSA_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! NAPA
| [[File:NAPA_11790_v_10775_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:NAPA_11790_v_10775_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:NAPA_11790_v_10775_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:NAPA_11790_v_10775_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:NAPA_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! ALBY
| [[File:ALBY_11791_v_10773_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_11791_v_10773_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_11791_v_10773_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_11791_v_10773_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:ALBY_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! LVMR
| [[File:LVMR_11792_v_10774_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_11792_v_10774_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_11792_v_10774_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_11792_v_10774_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:LVMR_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
! s3171
| [[File:s3171_11793_v_10786_2sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_11793_v_10786_3sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_11793_v_10786_5sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_11793_v_10786_10sec_RotD50.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:s3171_compare_profile.png|thumb|250px]]
|-
|}

== Velocity Slices ==

The slices below are taken from the UCVM-generated meshes used in the wave propagation, so they include all post-processing.

=== Southern California ===

{|
! Depth !! Study 22.12 !! MUSCAL !! Percent difference ((MUSCAL - 22.12)/22.12) !! Absolute difference (MUSCAL - 22.12)
|-
! 0m
| [[File:Socal_22.12_horiz_slice_0m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_MUSCAL_horiz_slice_0m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_horiz_slice_percent_diff_0m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_horiz_slice_abs_diff_0m.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 100m
| [[File:Socal_22.12_horiz_slice_100m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_MUSCAL_horiz_slice_100m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_horiz_slice_percent_diff_100m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_horiz_slice_abs_diff_100m.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 200m
| [[File:Socal_22.12_horiz_slice_200m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_MUSCAL_horiz_slice_200m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_horiz_slice_percent_diff_200m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_horiz_slice_abs_diff_200m.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 400m
| [[File:Socal_22.12_horiz_slice_400m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_MUSCAL_horiz_slice_400m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_horiz_slice_percent_diff_400m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_horiz_slice_abs_diff_400m.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 800m
| [[File:Socal_22.12_horiz_slice_800m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_MUSCAL_horiz_slice_800m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_horiz_slice_percent_diff_800m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_horiz_slice_abs_diff_800m.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 2500m
| [[File:Socal_22.12_horiz_slice_2500m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_MUSCAL_horiz_slice_2500m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_horiz_slice_percent_diff_2500m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_horiz_slice_abs_diff_2500m.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 10000m
| [[File:Socal_22.12_horiz_slice_10000m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_MUSCAL_horiz_slice_10000m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_horiz_slice_percent_diff_10000m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Socal_horiz_slice_abs_diff_10000m.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

=== Northern California ===

{|
! Depth !! Study 24.8 !! MUSCAL !! Percent difference ((MUSCAL - 24.8)/24.8) !! Absolute difference (MUSCAL - 24.8)
|-
! 0m
| [[File:Norcal_24.8_horiz_slice_0m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_MUSCAL_horiz_slice_0m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_horiz_slice_percent_diff_0m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_horiz_slice_abs_diff_0m.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 80m
| [[File:Norcal_24.8_horiz_slice_80m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_MUSCAL_horiz_slice_80m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_horiz_slice_percent_diff_80m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_horiz_slice_abs_diff_80m.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 160m
| [[File:Norcal_24.8_horiz_slice_160m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_MUSCAL_horiz_slice_160m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_horiz_slice_percent_diff_160m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_horiz_slice_abs_diff_160m.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 320m
| [[File:Norcal_24.8_horiz_slice_320m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_MUSCAL_horiz_slice_320m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_horiz_slice_percent_diff_320m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_horiz_slice_abs_diff_320m.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 640m
| [[File:Norcal_24.8_horiz_slice_640m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_MUSCAL_horiz_slice_640m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_horiz_slice_percent_diff_640m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_horiz_slice_abs_diff_640m.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 2000m
| [[File:Norcal_24.8_horiz_slice_2000m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_MUSCAL_horiz_slice_2000m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_horiz_slice_percent_diff_2000m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_horiz_slice_abs_diff_2000m.png|thumb|300px]]
|-
! 8000m
| [[File:Norcal_24.8_horiz_slice_8000m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_MUSCAL_horiz_slice_8000m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_horiz_slice_percent_diff_8000m.png|thumb|300px]]
| [[File:Norcal_horiz_slice_abs_diff_8000m.png|thumb|300px]]
|}

File:Norcal MUSCAL horiz slice 0m.png

2026-08-20T15:40:49Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal 24.8 horiz slice 8000m.png

2026-08-20T15:40:32Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal 24.8 horiz slice 2000m.png

2026-08-20T15:40:28Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal 24.8 horiz slice 640m.png

2026-08-20T15:40:23Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal 24.8 horiz slice 320m.png

2026-08-20T15:40:16Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal 24.8 horiz slice 160m.png

2026-08-20T15:40:10Z

Scottcal:

File:Norcal 24.8 horiz slice 80m.png

2026-08-20T15:40:00Z

Scottcal: