CyberShake Study 15.4

CyberShake Study 15.4 is a computational study to calculate one physics-based probabilistic seismic hazard model for Southern California at 1 Hz, using CVM-S4.26, the GPU implementation of AWP-ODC-SGT, the Graves and Pitarka (2015) rupture variations with uniform hypocenters, and the UCERF2 ERF. The SGT calculations will be split between NCSA Blue Waters and OLCF Titan, and the post-processing will be done entirely on Blue Waters. The goal is to calculate the standard Southern California site list (286 sites) used in previous CyberShake studies so we can produce comparison curves and maps, and data products for the UGMS Committee.

Preparation for production runs

1. Check list of Mayssa's concerns
2. Update DAX to support separate MD5 sums
3. Add MD5 sum job to TC
4. Evaluate topology-aware scheduling
5. Get DirectSynth working at full run scale, verify results
6. Modify workflow to have md5sums be in parallel
7. Test of 1 Hz simulation with 2 Hz source - 2/27
8. Add a third pilot job type to Titan pilots - 2/27
9. Run test of full 1 Hz SGT workflow on Blue Waters - 3/4
10. Add cleanup to workflow and test - 3/4
11. Test interface between Titan workflows and Blue Waters workflows - 3/4
12. Add capability to have files on Blue Waters correctly striped - 3/6
13. Add restart capability to DirectSynth - 3/6
14. File ticket for extended walltime for small jobs on Titan - 3/6
15. Add DirectSynth to workflow tools - 3/6
16. Implement and test parallel version of reformat_awp - 3/6
17. Set up usage monitoring on Blue Waters and Titan
18. Add ability to determine if SGTs are being run on Blue Waters or Titan
19. Modify auto-submit system to distinguish between full runs and PP runs
20. Science readiness review - 3/18
21. Technical readiness review - 3/18
22. Create study description file for Run Manager - 3/13
23. Simulate curves for 3 sites with final configuration; compare curves and seismograms
24. File ticket for 90-day purged space at Blue Waters
25. Tag code on shock, Blue Waters, Titan
26. Request reservation at Blue Waters
27. Follow up on high priority jobs at Titan
28. Make changes to technical review slides
29. Upgrade UCVM on Blue Waters to match Titan version
30. Evaluate using a single workflow rather than split workflows

Computational Status

Study 15.4 began execution at 10:44:11 PDT on April 16, 2015.

Progress can be monitored here (requires SCEC login).

We are estimating a completion date of July 15, 2015.

Goals

Science Goals

1. Calculate a 1 Hz hazard map of Southern California.
2. Produce a contour map at 1 Hz for the UGMS committee.
3. Compare the hazard maps at 0.5 Hz and 1 Hz.
4. Produce a hazard map with the Graves & Pitarka (2014) rupture generator.

Technical Goals

1. Show that Titan can be integrated into our CyberShake workflows.
2. Demonstrate scalability for 1 Hz calculations.
3. Show that we can split the SGT calculations across sites.

Verification

Forward Comparison

More information on a comparison of forward and reciprocity results is available here.

DirectSynth

A comparison of 1 Hz results with SeisPSA to results with DirectSynth for WNGC. SeisPSA results are in magenta, DirectSynth results are in black. They're so close it's difficult to make out the magenta.

2s	3s	5s	10s

2 Hz source

Before beginning Study 15.4, we wanted to investigate our source filtering parameters, to see if it was possible to improve the accuracy of hazard curves at frequencies closer to the CyberShake study frequency.

In describing our results, we will refer to the "simulation frequency" and the "source frequency". The simulation frequency refers to the choice of mesh spacing and dt. The source frequency is the frequency the impulse used in the SGT simulation was low-pass filtered (using a 4th order Butterworth filter) at.

All of these calculations were done for WNGC, ERF 36, with uniform ruptures and the AWP-ODC-GPU SGT code.

Comparisons were done using the following runs:

1. 0.5 Hz simulation, 0.5 Hz filtered source (run 3837)
2. 0.5 Hz simulation, 1 Hz filtered source (run 3853)
3. 1 Hz simulation, 2 Hz filtered source (run 3860)
4. 1 Hz simulation, 1 Hz filtered source (run 3861)

First, we performed a run with a 0.5 Hz simulation frequency and a 1.0 Hz source frequency, and compared it to the runs we had been doing in the past, which are 0.5 Hz simulation / 0.5 Hz source. The 1.0 Hz source frequency has an impact on the hazard curves, even at 3 seconds. Semilog curves are on the top row, log/log curves on the bottom.

0.5 Hz sim/0.5 Hz filtered in black, 0.5 Hz sim/1.0 Hz filtered in blue	0.5 Hz sim/0.5 Hz filtered in black, 0.5 Hz sim/1.0 Hz filtered in blue	0.5 Hz sim/0.5 Hz filtered in black, 0.5 Hz sim/1.0 Hz filtered in blue
0.5 Hz sim/0.5 Hz filtered in black, 0.5 Hz sim/1.0 Hz filtered in blue	0.5 Hz sim/0.5 Hz filtered in black, 0.5 Hz sim/1.0 Hz filtered in blue	0.5 Hz sim/0.5 Hz filtered in black, 0.5 Hz sim/1.0 Hz filtered in blue

From spectral plots of the largest 3 sec PSA seismograms, we can see that the PseudoAA response is affected, even at periods much higher than the filter frequency:

Next, we repeated the same experiment for a 1.0 Hz simulation frequency and a 1.0 Hz and 2.0 Hz source frequency:

1 Hz sim/1 Hz filtered in black, 1 Hz sim/2 Hz filtered in blue	1 Hz sim/1 Hz filtered in black, 1 Hz sim/2 Hz filtered in blue	1 Hz sim/1 Hz filtered in black, 1 Hz sim/2 Hz filtered in blue	1 Hz sim/1 Hz filtered in black, 1 Hz sim/2 Hz filtered in blue
1 Hz sim/1 Hz filtered in black, 1 Hz sim/2 Hz filtered in blue	1 Hz sim/1 Hz filtered in black, 1 Hz sim/2 Hz filtered in blue	1 Hz sim/1 Hz filtered in black, 1 Hz sim/2 Hz filtered in blue	1 Hz sim/1 Hz filtered in black, 1 Hz sim/2 Hz filtered in blue

The hazard curves are practically the same. To try to understand why the hazard curves from the 1.0 Hz experiment don't show the same kind of differences we saw at 0.5 Hz, we first looked at the SGTs.

There is a clear difference in the spectral content of SGTs generated with different frequency content - you can see the different in these Fourier spectra plots, starting at about 1.0 Hz:

The differences are also clear when examining the frequency content of a large-amplitude seismogram, starting around 0.7 or 0.8 Hz:

However, these differences are about 2 orders of magnitude smaller in amplitude than the largest amplitudes, around 0.1 Hz. This is unlike the 0.5 Hz results, in which we see only about 1 order of magnitude difference. Additionally, we see these differences starting at about 0.7 or 0.8 Hz, so they are not picked up by the 2 second hazard curves. Part of the reason for this is because the source doesn't have a lot of high frequency content. Rob is investigating this for future updates to the rupture generator.

We also compared Respect and PSA results to verify the spectral response codes; there are some small differences at high frequency, but overall they are very similar:

Using a 2 Hz filter does have small impacts on the seismograms; for example, here are plots of two of the largest seismograms for WNGC with a 1 Hz and 2 Hz source filter. The seismograms generated with the 2 Hz source filter have sharper peaks which are a results of their higher frequency content, but it should not be trusted, as the mesh spacing and dt of the simulation do not justify accuracy above 1 Hz:

So for non-frequency-dependent applications of seismograms generated with a 2 Hz source, they should be filtered.

Based on this analysis, we plan to perform Study 15.4 using a filter of 2 Hz, to capture additional frequency information between 0.7 and 1 Hz. We have updated the database schema so that we can capture the filter frequency used for various runs.

SGT duration

The SGTs are generated for 200 seconds. However, the reciprocity calculations are performed for 300 seconds.

For Parkfield San Andreas events, the farthest sites are PTWN (420 km) and s758 (400 km). The seismograms for the northernmost events at those stations are below.

Pioneer Town, source 128, rupture 1296, variation 1035

s758, source 128, rupture 1296, variation 1035

Pioneer Town, source 89, rupture 2, variation 279

s758, source 89, rupture 2, variation 279

For Bombay Beach San Andreas events, the farthest site is DBCN (510 km).

Diablo Canyon, source 89, rupture 0, variation 700

Sites

We are proposing to run 286 sites around Southern California. Those sites include 46 points of interest, 27 precarious rock sites, 23 broadband station locations, 43 20 km gridded sites, and 147 10 km gridded sites. All of them fall within the Southern California box except for Diablo Canyon and Pioneer Town. You can get a CSV file listing the sites here. A KML file listing the sites is available here.

Fig 1: Sites selected for Study 2.3 Purple are gridded sites, red are precarious rocks, orange are SCSN stations, and yellow are sites of interest.

Performance Enhancements (over Study 14.2)

Responses to Study 14.2 Lessons Learned

• AWP_ODC_GPU code, under certain situations, produced incorrect filenames.

This was fixed during the Study 14.2 run.

• Incorrect dependency in DAX generator - NanCheckY was a child of AWP_SGTx.

This was fixed during the Study 14.2 run.

• Try out Pegasus cleanup - accidentally blew away running directory using find, and later accidentally deleted about 400 sets of SGTs.

We have added cleanup to the SGT workflow, since that's where most of the extra data is generated, especially with two copies of the SGTs (the ones generated by AWP-ODC-GPU, and then the reformatted ones).

• 50 connections per IP is too many for hpc-login2 gridftp server; brings it down. Try using a dedicated server next time with more aggregated files.

We have moved our USC gridftp transfer endpoint to hpc-scec.usc.edu, which does very little other than GridFTP transfers.

SGT codes

• We have moved to a parallel version of reformat_awp. With this parallel version, we can reduce the runtime by 65%.

PP codes

• We have switched from using extract_sgt for the SGT extraction and SeisPSA for the seismogram synthesis to DirectSynth, a code which reads in the SGTs across multiple cores and then uses MPI to send them directly to workers, which perform the seismogram synthesis. We anticipate this code will give us an efficiency improvement of at least 50% over the old approach, since it does not require the writing and reading of the extracted SGT files.

Workflow management

• We are using a pilot job daemon on Titan to monitor the shock queue and submit pilot jobs to Titan accordingly.
• The MD5sums calculated on the SGTs at the start of the post-processing now run in parallel with the actual post-processing calculations. If the MD5 sum job fails, the entire workflow will be aborted, but since that is rare, the majority of the time the rest of the post-processing workflow can continue without having the MD5 sums in the critical path.

Codes

The CyberShake codebase used for this study was tagged "study_15_4" in the CyberShake SVN repository on source.

Additional dependencies not in the SVN repository include:

Blue Waters

• UCVM 14.3.0
  • Euclid 1.3
  • Proj 4.8.0
  • CVM-S 4.26

• Memcached 1.4.15
  • Libmemcached 1.0.18
  • Libevent 2.0.21

• Pegasus 4.5.0, updated from the Pegasus git repository. pegasus-version reports version 4.5.0cvs-x86_64_sles_11-20150224175937Z .

Titan

• UCVM 14.3.0
  • Euclid 1.3
  • Proj 4.8.0
  • CVM-S 4.26

• Pegasus 4.5.0, updated from the Pegasus git repository.
  • pegasus-version for the login and service nodes reports 4.5.0cvs-x86_64_sles_11-20140807210927Z
  • pegasus-version for the compute nodes reports 4.5.0cvs-x86_64_sles_11-20140807211355Z

• HTCondor version: 8.2.1 Jun 27 2014 BuildID: 256063

shock.usc.edu

• Pegasus 4.5.0 RC1. pegasus-version reports 4.5.0rc1-x86_64_rhel_6-20150410215343Z .

• HTCondor 8.2.8 Apr 07 2015 BuildID: 312769

• Globus Toolkit 5.2.5

Lessons Learned

• Some of the DirectSynth jobs couldn't fit their SGTs into the number of SGT handlers, nor finish in the wallclock time. In the future, test against a larger range of volumes and sites.

Computational and Data Estimates

Computational Time

Titan

SGTs (GPU): 1800 node-hrs/site x 143 sites = 258K node-hours = 7.7M SUs

Add 25% margin: 9.6M SUs

Blue Waters

SGTs (GPU): 1300 node-hrs/site x 143 sites = 186K node-hours (3.0M SUs), XK nodes

SGTs (CPU): 100 node-hrs/site x 143 sites = 14K node-hours (458K SUs), XE nodes

PP: 1500 node-hrs/site x 286 sites = 429K node-hours (13.7M SUs), XE nodes

Add 25% margin: 768K node-hours

Storage Requirements

Titan

Purged space to store SGTs while generating: (1.5 TB SGTs + 120 GB mesh + 1.5 TB reformatted SGTs)/site x 143 sites = 446 TB

Blue Waters

Space to store SGTs (delayed purge): 1.5 TB/site x 286 sites = 429 TB

Purged disk usage: (1.5 TB SGTs + 120 GB mesh + 1.5 TB reformatted SGTs)/site x 143 sites + (27 GB/site seismograms + 0.2 GB/site PSA + 0.2 GB/site RotD) x 286 sites = 453 TB

SCEC

Archival disk usage: 7.5 TB seismograms + 0.1 TB PSA files + 0.1 TB RotD files on scec-04 (has 171 TB free) & 24 GB curves, disaggregations, reports, etc. on scec-00 (171 TB free)

Database usage: (5 rows PSA + 7 rows RotD)/rupture variation x 450K rupture variations/site x 286 sites = 1.5 billion rows x 151 bytes/row = 227 GB (4.3 TB free on focal.usc.edu disk)

Temporary disk usage: 515 GB workflow logs. scec-02 has 171 TB free.

Performance Metrics

At 8:20 pm PDT on launch day, 102,585,945 SUs available on Titan. 831,995 used in April under username callag.

At 8:30 pm PDT on launch day, 257975.45 node-hours burned under scottcal on Blue Waters. 48571 jobs launched under the project on Blue Waters summary page.

We launched 2 XK reservations on Blue Waters for 852 nodes each starting at 9 pm PDT on April 17th, and 2 XE reservations for 564 nodes each starting on 10 pm PDT on April 17th. Due to XK jobs having slower throughput than we expected, blocking the XE jobs, and Titan SGTs slowing down greatly, we gave back one of the XE reservations at 8:50 am PDT on April 18th.

In preparation for downtimes, we stopped submitting new workflows at 9:03 pm PDT on April 19th.

Presentations and Papers

Science Readiness Review

Technical Readiness Review