CCA Vp/Vs Check
In order for the CyberShake simulations to be successful and stable, the Vp/Vs ratio needs to be calculated. Too low or too high of a ratio is scientifically inaccurate and can cause instabilities within the wave propagation simulation codes.
Maps of Surface
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Vp/Vs Ratios Lower Than 1.6 Data From UCVM
The image below shows any location in which the Vp/Vs ratio is lower than 1.6 from UCVM.
METADATA FOR CCA MODEL VP/VS RATIO: 1.386 min at (-120.67, 37.99), 2.277 max at (-120.44, 34.89), % below ratio 7.50 for depth 0m 1.453 min at (-117.87, 38.11), 2.283 max at (-119.10, 34.09), % below ratio 5.82 for depth 500m 1.450 min at (-118.02, 38.03), 2.249 max at (-120.24, 34.72), % below ratio 7.99 for depth 1000m 1.450 min at (-118.06, 38.07), 2.198 max at (-120.25, 34.72), % below ratio 9.71 for depth 1500m 1.450 min at (-118.05, 38.07), 2.151 max at (-119.92, 36.77), % below ratio 9.84 for depth 2000m 1.451 min at (-118.94, 34.21), 2.213 max at (-119.96, 36.78), % below ratio 5.82 for depth 2500m 1.485 min at (-117.75, 38.45), 2.243 max at (-119.98, 36.78), % below ratio 1.49 for depth 3000m 1.494 min at (-117.78, 38.48), 2.271 max at (-119.29, 35.72), % below ratio 1.21 for depth 3500m 1.494 min at (-117.78, 38.48), 2.293 max at (-119.28, 35.72), % below ratio 1.34 for depth 4000m 1.499 min at (-117.78, 38.48), 2.311 max at (-119.28, 35.72), % below ratio 1.30 for depth 4500m 1.509 min at (-117.82, 38.52), 2.320 max at (-119.28, 35.72), % below ratio 1.05 for depth 5000m 1.534 min at (-117.85, 38.55), 2.324 max at (-119.28, 35.72), % below ratio 0.62 for depth 5500m 1.586 min at (-118.36, 34.70), 2.315 max at (-119.42, 35.86), % below ratio 0.03 for depth 6000m 1.598 min at (-118.36, 34.70), 2.298 max at (-119.29, 35.71), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 6500m 1.593 min at (-118.36, 34.70), 2.250 max at (-119.29, 35.69), % below ratio 0.02 for depth 7000m 1.594 min at (-118.37, 34.69), 2.189 max at (-120.05, 36.76), % below ratio 0.03 for depth 7500m 1.580 min at (-119.29, 35.08), 2.120 max at (-119.80, 35.56), % below ratio 0.03 for depth 8000m 1.567 min at (-119.29, 35.08), 2.091 max at (-119.80, 35.56), % below ratio 0.04 for depth 8500m 1.561 min at (-119.29, 35.08), 2.056 max at (-119.80, 35.56), % below ratio 0.09 for depth 9000m 1.555 min at (-120.20, 34.89), 2.017 max at (-119.81, 35.56), % below ratio 0.30 for depth 9500m 1.541 min at (-120.20, 34.88), 2.011 max at (-119.71, 34.29), % below ratio 0.48 for depth 10000m 1.550 min at (-120.16, 34.85), 2.024 max at (-119.70, 34.29), % below ratio 0.39 for depth 10500m 1.572 min at (-120.16, 34.85), 2.036 max at (-119.70, 34.28), % below ratio 0.23 for depth 11000m 1.591 min at (-117.09, 35.37), 2.043 max at (-119.69, 34.28), % below ratio 0.04 for depth 11500m 1.605 min at (-120.21, 35.65), 2.042 max at (-119.69, 34.28), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 12000m 1.615 min at (-119.16, 36.10), 2.044 max at (-119.67, 34.19), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 12500m 1.621 min at (-119.46, 36.71), 2.062 max at (-119.67, 34.18), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 13000m 1.621 min at (-119.46, 36.71), 2.072 max at (-119.68, 34.18), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 13500m 1.623 min at (-119.46, 36.71), 2.068 max at (-119.68, 34.17), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 14000m 1.624 min at (-119.47, 36.70), 2.057 max at (-119.68, 34.17), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 14500m 1.626 min at (-119.47, 36.70), 2.040 max at (-119.68, 34.17), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 15000m 1.628 min at (-119.47, 36.69), 2.021 max at (-119.68, 34.17), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 15500m 1.628 min at (-119.47, 36.68), 1.972 max at (-119.70, 34.13), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 16000m 1.628 min at (-119.46, 36.67), 1.939 max at (-119.69, 34.10), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 16500m 1.627 min at (-119.45, 36.67), 1.910 max at (-117.42, 36.02), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 17000m 1.627 min at (-119.42, 36.52), 1.993 max at (-118.52, 39.20), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 17500m 1.625 min at (-119.41, 36.51), 1.985 max at (-118.52, 39.20), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 18000m 1.626 min at (-119.41, 36.52), 1.967 max at (-118.99, 38.95), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 18500m 1.628 min at (-119.42, 36.50), 1.983 max at (-118.95, 38.96), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 19000m 1.630 min at (-119.44, 36.49), 1.990 max at (-118.94, 38.97), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 19500m 1.625 min at (-119.03, 35.29), 1.993 max at (-118.93, 38.98), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 20000m 1.620 min at (-119.03, 35.29), 1.991 max at (-118.94, 38.97), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 20500m 1.616 min at (-119.03, 35.29), 1.987 max at (-118.95, 38.96), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 21000m 1.612 min at (-119.03, 35.29), 1.982 max at (-118.96, 38.96), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 21500m 1.609 min at (-119.05, 35.28), 1.983 max at (-118.96, 38.96), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 22000m 1.615 min at (-119.05, 35.28), 2.001 max at (-118.93, 38.98), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 22500m 1.623 min at (-119.05, 35.28), 2.027 max at (-118.93, 38.98), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 23000m 1.632 min at (-119.05, 35.28), 2.109 max at (-118.92, 38.98), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 23500m 1.632 min at (-119.77, 38.21), 2.179 max at (-118.92, 38.98), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 24000m 1.622 min at (-119.79, 38.26), 2.198 max at (-118.90, 38.97), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 24500m 1.608 min at (-119.76, 38.28), 2.204 max at (-118.90, 38.97), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 25000m 1.597 min at (-119.76, 38.28), 2.215 max at (-118.89, 38.97), % below ratio 0.01 for depth 25500m 1.589 min at (-119.76, 38.28), 2.227 max at (-118.89, 38.97), % below ratio 0.08 for depth 26000m 1.581 min at (-119.79, 38.26), 2.238 max at (-118.89, 38.97), % below ratio 0.14 for depth 26500m 1.578 min at (-119.80, 38.26), 2.243 max at (-118.89, 38.97), % below ratio 0.17 for depth 27000m 1.581 min at (-119.79, 38.26), 2.238 max at (-118.89, 38.97), % below ratio 0.14 for depth 27500m 1.588 min at (-119.76, 38.28), 2.226 max at (-118.89, 38.97), % below ratio 0.09 for depth 28000m 1.596 min at (-119.76, 38.28), 2.213 max at (-118.89, 38.97), % below ratio 0.02 for depth 28500m 1.604 min at (-119.76, 38.28), 2.201 max at (-118.90, 38.97), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 29000m 1.609 min at (-119.75, 38.28), 2.174 max at (-118.89, 38.97), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 29500m 1.598 min at (-119.68, 38.26), 2.125 max at (-118.84, 38.89), % below ratio 0.01 for depth 30000m 1.582 min at (-119.60, 38.25), 2.108 max at (-118.85, 38.82), % below ratio 0.18 for depth 30500m 1.596 min at (-119.67, 38.28), 2.200 max at (-118.86, 38.77), % below ratio 0.04 for depth 31000m 1.612 min at (-119.67, 38.28), 2.280 max at (-118.91, 38.74), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 31500m 1.609 min at (-119.63, 38.29), 2.279 max at (-118.89, 38.71), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 32000m 1.578 min at (-119.38, 38.16), 2.254 max at (-118.85, 38.67), % below ratio 0.26 for depth 32500m 1.553 min at (-119.38, 38.16), 2.264 max at (-118.85, 38.67), % below ratio 0.52 for depth 33000m 1.532 min at (-119.38, 38.16), 2.281 max at (-118.85, 38.67), % below ratio 0.70 for depth 33500m 1.511 min at (-119.40, 38.19), 2.297 max at (-118.85, 38.67), % below ratio 0.87 for depth 34000m 1.496 min at (-119.40, 38.19), 2.307 max at (-118.85, 38.67), % below ratio 1.00 for depth 34500m 1.491 min at (-119.40, 38.19), 2.311 max at (-118.81, 38.69), % below ratio 1.05 for depth 35000m 1.496 min at (-119.40, 38.19), 2.304 max at (-118.81, 38.69), % below ratio 1.00 for depth 35500m 1.512 min at (-119.38, 38.16), 2.290 max at (-118.85, 38.67), % below ratio 0.88 for depth 36000m 1.533 min at (-119.38, 38.16), 2.271 max at (-118.85, 38.67), % below ratio 0.71 for depth 36500m 1.554 min at (-119.38, 38.16), 2.251 max at (-118.85, 38.67), % below ratio 0.54 for depth 37000m 1.565 min at (-118.24, 38.29), 2.231 max at (-118.85, 38.67), % below ratio 0.35 for depth 37500m 1.570 min at (-118.24, 38.28), 2.212 max at (-118.85, 38.67), % below ratio 0.17 for depth 38000m 1.573 min at (-118.24, 38.28), 2.195 max at (-118.88, 38.70), % below ratio 0.10 for depth 38500m 1.571 min at (-118.24, 38.28), 2.173 max at (-118.88, 38.70), % below ratio 0.11 for depth 39000m 1.571 min at (-118.24, 38.28), 2.146 max at (-118.81, 38.69), % below ratio 0.61 for depth 39500m 1.670 min at (-118.02, 35.48), 2.150 max at (-118.83, 38.74), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 40000m 1.669 min at (-118.03, 35.49), 2.148 max at (-118.79, 38.76), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 40500m 1.668 min at (-118.04, 35.51), 2.146 max at (-118.86, 38.76), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 41000m 1.666 min at (-118.05, 35.52), 2.145 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 41500m 1.665 min at (-118.07, 35.56), 2.143 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 42000m 1.663 min at (-118.07, 35.58), 2.141 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 42500m 1.662 min at (-118.07, 35.59), 2.139 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 43000m 1.661 min at (-118.08, 35.60), 2.138 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 43500m 1.660 min at (-118.08, 35.61), 2.136 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 44000m 1.660 min at (-118.08, 35.61), 2.135 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 44500m 1.661 min at (-118.10, 35.62), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 45000m 1.662 min at (-118.10, 35.62), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 45500m 1.665 min at (-118.11, 35.62), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 46000m 1.668 min at (-118.11, 35.62), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 46500m 1.672 min at (-118.11, 35.62), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 47000m 1.676 min at (-118.12, 35.62), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 47500m 1.680 min at (-118.12, 35.62), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 48000m 1.682 min at (-120.18, 35.46), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 48500m 1.683 min at (-120.17, 35.46), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75), % below ratio 0.00 for depth 49000m Min in model: 1.386 Max in model: 2.324 Avg % below ratio: 0.658
Vp/Vs Ratio Data
The Vp/Vs ratio was plotted for each layer (500m depth) within the CCA model. The bounds are 1.5 and 1.8. Locations where the ratio is less than 1.5 are plotted in blue. Locations where the ratio is greater than 1.8 are plotted in red. Because these are large plots, an example is shown below, but the entire plot set can be downloaded from the following link:
Raw CSV data showing each point plotted and the value of those points can be found using the following link:
Below is a summary of each slice and the minimum and maximum Vp/Vs for each layer. Each layer is 500m deep. So layer 1 is surface (0m), layer 2 is 500m depth, etc.
NOTE: THE LOWEST AND HIGHEST VALUES BELOW ARE THE LOWEST AND HIGHEST OUTSIDE OF THE BOUNDARIES. SO WHEN IT SAYS LOWEST 1.8, THAT DOESN'T MEAN THE LOWEST RATIO FOUND IN THE ENTIRE LAYER WAS 1.8, IT MEANS THAT THE LOWEST ABNORMAL RATIO FOUND WAS JUST SLIGHTLY ABOVE 1.8 (I.E. THIS LAYER CONTAINS NO VALUES THAT GO BELOW 1.5).
METADATA FOR CCA MODEL VP/VS RATIO: 1.386 min at (-120.67, 37.99), 2.277 max at (-120.44, 34.89) for depth 0m 1.453 min at (-117.87, 38.11), 2.283 max at (-119.10, 34.09) for depth 500m 1.450 min at (-118.02, 38.03), 2.249 max at (-120.24, 34.72) for depth 1000m 1.450 min at (-118.06, 38.07), 2.198 max at (-120.25, 34.72) for depth 1500m 1.450 min at (-118.05, 38.07), 2.151 max at (-119.92, 36.77) for depth 2000m 1.451 min at (-118.94, 34.21), 2.213 max at (-119.96, 36.78) for depth 2500m 1.485 min at (-117.75, 38.45), 2.243 max at (-119.98, 36.78) for depth 3000m 1.494 min at (-117.78, 38.48), 2.271 max at (-119.29, 35.72) for depth 3500m 1.494 min at (-117.78, 38.48), 2.293 max at (-119.28, 35.72) for depth 4000m 1.499 min at (-117.78, 38.48), 2.311 max at (-119.28, 35.72) for depth 4500m 1.509 min at (-117.82, 38.52), 2.320 max at (-119.28, 35.72) for depth 5000m 1.534 min at (-117.85, 38.55), 2.324 max at (-119.28, 35.72) for depth 5500m 1.586 min at (-118.36, 34.70), 2.315 max at (-119.42, 35.86) for depth 6000m 1.598 min at (-118.36, 34.70), 2.298 max at (-119.29, 35.71) for depth 6500m 1.593 min at (-118.36, 34.70), 2.250 max at (-119.29, 35.69) for depth 7000m 1.594 min at (-118.37, 34.69), 2.189 max at (-120.05, 36.76) for depth 7500m 1.580 min at (-119.29, 35.08), 2.120 max at (-119.80, 35.56) for depth 8000m 1.567 min at (-119.29, 35.08), 2.091 max at (-119.80, 35.56) for depth 8500m 1.561 min at (-119.29, 35.08), 2.056 max at (-119.80, 35.56) for depth 9000m 1.555 min at (-120.20, 34.89), 2.017 max at (-119.81, 35.56) for depth 9500m 1.541 min at (-120.20, 34.88), 2.011 max at (-119.71, 34.29) for depth 10000m 1.550 min at (-120.16, 34.85), 2.024 max at (-119.70, 34.29) for depth 10500m 1.572 min at (-120.16, 34.85), 2.036 max at (-119.70, 34.28) for depth 11000m 1.591 min at (-117.09, 35.37), 2.043 max at (-119.69, 34.28) for depth 11500m 1.605 min at (-120.21, 35.65), 2.042 max at (-119.69, 34.28) for depth 12000m 1.615 min at (-119.16, 36.10), 2.044 max at (-119.67, 34.19) for depth 12500m 1.621 min at (-119.46, 36.71), 2.062 max at (-119.67, 34.18) for depth 13000m 1.621 min at (-119.46, 36.71), 2.072 max at (-119.68, 34.18) for depth 13500m 1.623 min at (-119.46, 36.71), 2.068 max at (-119.68, 34.17) for depth 14000m 1.624 min at (-119.47, 36.70), 2.057 max at (-119.68, 34.17) for depth 14500m 1.626 min at (-119.47, 36.70), 2.040 max at (-119.68, 34.17) for depth 15000m 1.628 min at (-119.47, 36.69), 2.021 max at (-119.68, 34.17) for depth 15500m 1.628 min at (-119.47, 36.68), 1.972 max at (-119.70, 34.13) for depth 16000m 1.628 min at (-119.46, 36.67), 1.939 max at (-119.69, 34.10) for depth 16500m 1.627 min at (-119.45, 36.67), 1.910 max at (-117.42, 36.02) for depth 17000m 1.627 min at (-119.42, 36.52), 1.993 max at (-118.52, 39.20) for depth 17500m 1.625 min at (-119.41, 36.51), 1.985 max at (-118.52, 39.20) for depth 18000m 1.626 min at (-119.41, 36.52), 1.967 max at (-118.99, 38.95) for depth 18500m 1.628 min at (-119.42, 36.50), 1.983 max at (-118.95, 38.96) for depth 19000m 1.630 min at (-119.44, 36.49), 1.990 max at (-118.94, 38.97) for depth 19500m 1.625 min at (-119.03, 35.29), 1.993 max at (-118.93, 38.98) for depth 20000m 1.620 min at (-119.03, 35.29), 1.991 max at (-118.94, 38.97) for depth 20500m 1.616 min at (-119.03, 35.29), 1.987 max at (-118.95, 38.96) for depth 21000m 1.612 min at (-119.03, 35.29), 1.982 max at (-118.96, 38.96) for depth 21500m 1.609 min at (-119.05, 35.28), 1.983 max at (-118.96, 38.96) for depth 22000m 1.615 min at (-119.05, 35.28), 2.001 max at (-118.93, 38.98) for depth 22500m 1.623 min at (-119.05, 35.28), 2.027 max at (-118.93, 38.98) for depth 23000m 1.632 min at (-119.05, 35.28), 2.109 max at (-118.92, 38.98) for depth 23500m 1.632 min at (-119.77, 38.21), 2.179 max at (-118.92, 38.98) for depth 24000m 1.622 min at (-119.79, 38.26), 2.198 max at (-118.90, 38.97) for depth 24500m 1.608 min at (-119.76, 38.28), 2.204 max at (-118.90, 38.97) for depth 25000m 1.597 min at (-119.76, 38.28), 2.215 max at (-118.89, 38.97) for depth 25500m 1.589 min at (-119.76, 38.28), 2.227 max at (-118.89, 38.97) for depth 26000m 1.581 min at (-119.79, 38.26), 2.238 max at (-118.89, 38.97) for depth 26500m 1.578 min at (-119.80, 38.26), 2.243 max at (-118.89, 38.97) for depth 27000m 1.581 min at (-119.79, 38.26), 2.238 max at (-118.89, 38.97) for depth 27500m 1.588 min at (-119.76, 38.28), 2.226 max at (-118.89, 38.97) for depth 28000m 1.596 min at (-119.76, 38.28), 2.213 max at (-118.89, 38.97) for depth 28500m 1.604 min at (-119.76, 38.28), 2.201 max at (-118.90, 38.97) for depth 29000m 1.609 min at (-119.75, 38.28), 2.174 max at (-118.89, 38.97) for depth 29500m 1.598 min at (-119.68, 38.26), 2.125 max at (-118.84, 38.89) for depth 30000m 1.582 min at (-119.60, 38.25), 2.108 max at (-118.85, 38.82) for depth 30500m 1.596 min at (-119.67, 38.28), 2.200 max at (-118.86, 38.77) for depth 31000m 1.612 min at (-119.67, 38.28), 2.280 max at (-118.91, 38.74) for depth 31500m 1.609 min at (-119.63, 38.29), 2.279 max at (-118.89, 38.71) for depth 32000m 1.578 min at (-119.38, 38.16), 2.254 max at (-118.85, 38.67) for depth 32500m 1.553 min at (-119.38, 38.16), 2.264 max at (-118.85, 38.67) for depth 33000m 1.532 min at (-119.38, 38.16), 2.281 max at (-118.85, 38.67) for depth 33500m 1.511 min at (-119.40, 38.19), 2.297 max at (-118.85, 38.67) for depth 34000m 1.496 min at (-119.40, 38.19), 2.307 max at (-118.85, 38.67) for depth 34500m 1.491 min at (-119.40, 38.19), 2.311 max at (-118.81, 38.69) for depth 35000m 1.496 min at (-119.40, 38.19), 2.304 max at (-118.81, 38.69) for depth 35500m 1.512 min at (-119.38, 38.16), 2.290 max at (-118.85, 38.67) for depth 36000m 1.533 min at (-119.38, 38.16), 2.271 max at (-118.85, 38.67) for depth 36500m 1.554 min at (-119.38, 38.16), 2.251 max at (-118.85, 38.67) for depth 37000m 1.565 min at (-118.24, 38.29), 2.231 max at (-118.85, 38.67) for depth 37500m 1.570 min at (-118.24, 38.28), 2.212 max at (-118.85, 38.67) for depth 38000m 1.573 min at (-118.24, 38.28), 2.195 max at (-118.88, 38.70) for depth 38500m 1.571 min at (-118.24, 38.28), 2.173 max at (-118.88, 38.70) for depth 39000m 1.571 min at (-118.24, 38.28), 2.146 max at (-118.81, 38.69) for depth 39500m 1.670 min at (-118.02, 35.48), 2.150 max at (-118.83, 38.74) for depth 40000m 1.669 min at (-118.03, 35.49), 2.148 max at (-118.79, 38.76) for depth 40500m 1.668 min at (-118.04, 35.51), 2.146 max at (-118.86, 38.76) for depth 41000m 1.666 min at (-118.05, 35.52), 2.145 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 41500m 1.665 min at (-118.07, 35.56), 2.143 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 42000m 1.663 min at (-118.07, 35.58), 2.141 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 42500m 1.662 min at (-118.07, 35.59), 2.139 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 43000m 1.661 min at (-118.08, 35.60), 2.138 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 43500m 1.660 min at (-118.08, 35.61), 2.136 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 44000m 1.660 min at (-118.08, 35.61), 2.135 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 44500m 1.661 min at (-118.10, 35.62), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 45000m 1.662 min at (-118.10, 35.62), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 45500m 1.665 min at (-118.11, 35.62), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 46000m 1.668 min at (-118.11, 35.62), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 46500m 1.672 min at (-118.11, 35.62), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 47000m 1.676 min at (-118.12, 35.62), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 47500m 1.680 min at (-118.12, 35.62), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 48000m 1.682 min at (-120.18, 35.46), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 48500m 1.683 min at (-120.17, 35.46), 2.134 max at (-118.78, 38.75) for depth 49000m Min in model: 1.386 Max in model: 2.324