2014 VISES Summer School

NSF VISES Partnership

SCEC-ERI Summer School for Earthquake Science

Topic: Wave and Rupture Propagation with Realistic Velocity Structures

Dates: September 28-October 2, 2014

Location: Embassy Suites Mandalay Beach Hotel, Oxnard, CA

Participants: 50

Overview. The Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) and the Earthquake Research Institute of the University of Tokyo (ERI) has organized a Summer School for Earthquake Science September 28 through October 2, 2014. The theme for the Summer School is "Wave and Rupture Propagation with Realistic Velocity Structures". The program includes both lectures and exercises where participants will learn how complex velocity structure is represented and can be used to create seismograms from kinematic representations of earthquakes as point sources and propagating ruptures. One objective is for participants to construct ground motions for earthquake scenarios, which if used in a collective sense can be a method for complementing or creating hazard maps. Participants are given exercises so that they can run the various numerical methods with the supervision of the lecturers. Each participant will present a poster to share his/her research during evening sessions. ( Download Full Program [PDF] )

Participants


Organizing Committee Ralph Archuleta, UC Santa Barbara John Shaw, Harvard Hiroe Miyake, ERI / U of Tokyo, Japan Jim Mori, DPRI / Kyoto U, Japan Tom Jordan, SCEC / USC Greg Beroza, SCEC / Stanford Tran Huynh, SCEC / USC Lecturers and Instructors Domniki Asimaki, Caltech Jorge Crempien, UC Santa Barbara David Gill, SCEC/USC Rob Graves, U.S. Geological Survey Muneo Hori, ERI / U of Tokyo, Japan Tom Jordan, SCEC / USC Phil Maechling, SCEC / USC Kevin Milner, SCEC / USC Hiroe Miyake, ERI / U of Tokyo, Japan Jim Mori, DRPI / Kyoto U, Japan Kim Olsen, SDSU Andreas Plesch, Harvard John Shaw, Harvard Peter Shearer, UC San Diego Fabio Silva, SCEC / USC Rumi Takedatsu, SDSU	Students Ryoichiro Agata, ERI / U of Tokyo, Japan Naofumi Aso, EPS / U of Tokyo, Japan Aida Azari Sisi, METU, Turkey Nenad Bijelić, Stanford Daniel Bowden, Caltech Samuel Bydlon, Stanford Wenyuan Fan, UC San Diego Jacquelyn Gilchrist, UC Riverside Thomas Goebel, Caltech Naoki Hatakeyama, DPRI / Kyoto U, Japan Alexandra Hutchison, UC Riverside Naeem Khoshnevis, U of Memphis Ryota Kiuchi, DPRI / Kyoto U, Japan Men-Andrin Meier, Swiss Seismological Service, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Lingsen Meng, UC Los Angeles Kevin Milner, SCEC / USC Irene Molinari, INGV Rome, Italy Ryo Okuwaki, U of Tsukuba, Japan John (Chris) Rollins, Caltech Valerie Sahakian, UC San Diego Kaoru Sawazaki, NIED, Japan Xin Song, USC Cedric Twardzik, UC Santa Barbara Mika Usher, U of Washington	Students Chris Van Houtte, U of Auckland, New Zealand Loic Viens, ERI / U of Tokyo, Japan Erin Wirth, U of Washington Kyle Withers, SDSU / UC San Diego Yifei Wu, ERI / U of Tokyo, Japan Suguru Yabe, EPS / U of Tokyo, Japan Tomoko Yano, NEID, Japan Lingling Ye, UC Santa Cruz

Agenda


Sunday, September 28
15:00	Check-in Embassy Suites Mandalay Beach Hotel
18:00 - 21:00	Welcome Dinner
Monday, September 29
07:00 - 08:30	Breakfast
07:00 - 08:30	Software Installation Support
08:30 - 10:00	Unified Structural Representation of the Southern California Crust and Upper Mantle, Prof. John Shaw
10:00 - 10:30	Break
10:30 - 12:00	Strong-motions of the 2011Tohoku-oki Earthquake: Impact on Nuclear Power Plants, Prof. Jim Mori
12:00 - 13:00	Lunch
13:00 - 14:00	Software Installation Support
14:00 - 15:30	Full-3D Tomography: Theory and Application to Southern California, Prof. Tom Jordan
15:30 - 18:30	Computer Exercises: 3D Structural Velocity Modeling/USR Framework
18:30 - 20:30	Group Dinner
20:30 - 22:00	Poster Viewing
Tuesday, September 30
07:00 - 08:30	Breakfast
08:30 - 10:00	Broadband Kinematic Modeling of Earthquakes, Prof. Ralph Archuleta
10:00 - 10:30	Break
10:30 - 12:00	The GP2014 Ground Motion Simulation Technique, Dr. Robert Graves
12:00 - 13:00	Lunch
13:00 - 14:00	Free Time
14:00 - 15:30	The SDSU Broadband Ground Motion Generation Module BBtoolbox Version 1.5, Prof. Kim Olsen
15:30 - 18:30	Computer Exercises: Broadband Ground Motion Simulation I
18:30 - 20:30	Group Dinner
Wednesday, October 1
07:00 - 08:30	Breakfast
08:30 - 10:00	UCSB Broadband Ground Motion from Kinematic Simulated Earthquakes, Mr. Jorge Crempien
10:00 - 10:30	Break
10:30 - 12:00	Earthquake Back-projection Methods, Prof. Peter Shearer
12:00 - 13:00	Lunch
13:00 - 14:00	Free Time
14:00 - 15:30	Integrated Earthquake Simulation – Program Architecture and Plugged-in Components, Prof. Muneo Hori
15:30 - 18:30	Computer Exercises: Broadband Ground Motion Simulation II & Back Projection Method
18:30 - 20:30	Group Dinner
20:30 - 22:00	Poster Viewing
Thursday, October 2
07:00 - 08:30	Breakfast
08:30 - 10:00	Site Response: Translating Simulated Ground Motions into Input Time-series for Engineering Design Applications, Prof. Domniki Asimaki
10:00 - 11:00	Discussion
11:00	Check-out Embassy Suites Mandalay Beach Hotel

Computer Exercises

Software

The program includes a lab component, where students will work in small groups to perform several computer exercises. SCEC will provide laptops (loaded with the necessary software) for the students to share and use during these exercises. Participants are welcome and encouraged to use their own laptops for this part of the program.

We will provide the scientific software to be used in the workshop as a Virtual Box Image file. The file will need to be copied onto any computer used. The SCEC-ERI image is also available online. Copies of this file on USB disk drive will be available for installation on site.

If you decide to use your own laptop, you will need to install Virtual Box (a free download from Oracle: https://www.virtualbox.org) and then to load a virtual image containing all the required software on your computer.

Computer requirements. Windows 7/8 or a Mac OS X laptop with a recent version of the OS installed, 4GB RAM (8GB+ is definitely better!), and 50GB available on the hard drive. If your computer does not meet these minimum requirements (or if you experience problems setting up your laptop with our software), you are welcome to use/share one of our laptops.

Obtain and Install Virtual Box. If you are able, please plan to install Virtual Box on your computer before the computer exercises begin on Monday afternoon.

Instructions are also posted at SCEC wiki: https://scec.usc.edu/scecpedia/Install_Virtual_Box

Download the Virtual Box software from Oracle (https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads). This software is free to use. Retrieve a version that is appropriate for the Host Operating system of the computer you want to use. If your laptop runs Mac OS X, then retrieve a version of Virtual Box for Mac OS X. If your laptop runs Windows 8, retrieve a version of Virtual Box for Windows 8. We have tested the SCEC-ERI Image with Virtual Box Version 4.2.24 and higher.
Follow the Virtual Box installation instructions and install Virtual Box on your computer (https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html). The installation procedure varies slightly based on the operating system you are using. It may require administrator permissions to install virtual box on some computers.

Obtain and Install SCEC-ERI Image. For detailed description and install instructions, go to SCEC-ERI Workshop Software.

Technical Support. Please feel free to contact us (software[at]scec.org) for help installing Virtual Box or the workshop software.

3D Structural Velocity Modeling / USR Framework

Goal. This afternoon’s exercises are designed to familiarize you with the components of 3D structural velocity models, including basin structures, faults, and velocity parameterizations. We will accomplish this using the SCEC Unified Structural Representation (USR) for southern California and two tools developed to access and use this model: SCEC VDO, and interactive 3D visualization tool, and UCVM, which allows you to extract velocity values from these models.


Monday, September 29
15:30 – 15:45	Laptop setup, virtual box instructions
15:45 - 16:15	SCEC VDO: Structural components Basics: navigation, loading plugins and datasets Visualizing faults: SCEC CFM Visualizing geologic surfaces: Basement and Moho surfaces Exercise: Examining faults that affect the Basement surface
16:15 - 16:45	SCEC VDO: Exploring velocity models Examining velocity cross-sections Examining velocity maps Exercise: Comparing velocity structures and geologic surfaces
16:45 – 17:00	Break
17:00 – 18:30	UCVM Introduction to the UCVM framework Plotting cross sections and maps Exercise: Comparing alternative velocity parameterizations Extracting 1-D velocity profiles Exercise Evaluating basin velocity structures
18:30	Conclude

Handout. Tutorial Instructions: 3D Structural Velocity Modeling/USR Framework (PDF) (also available: Previous Version)

SCEC Broadband Platform

The SCEC Broadband Platform (BBP) is a collaborative software development project involving geoscientists, earthquake engineers, graduate students, and the SCEC Community Modeling Environment. The SCEC BBP is open-source scientific software that can generate broadband (0-100Hz) ground motions for earthquakes, integrating complex scientific modules that implement rupture generation, low and high frequency seismogram synthesis, non-linear site effects calculation, and visualization into a software system that supports easy on-demand computation of seismograms.

The Broadband Platform operates in two primary modes: validation simulations and scenario simulations. In validation mode, the Platform runs earthquake rupture and wave propagation modeling software to calculate seismograms for a well-observed historical earthquake. Then, the BBP calculates a number of goodness of fit measurements that quantify how well the model-based broadband seismograms match the observed seismograms for a certain event. Based on these results, the Platform can be used to tune and validate different numerical modeling techniques.

In scenario mode, the Broadband Platform can run simulations for hypothetical (scenario) earthquakes. In this mode, users input an earthquake description, a list of station names and locations, and a 1D velocity model for their region of interest, and the Broadband Platform software then calculates ground motions for the specified stations.

The latest release includes 5 simulation methods, 7 simulation regions covering California, Japan, and Eastern North America, the ability to compare simulation results against GMPEs, and several new data products, such as map and distance-based goodness of fit plots. As the number and complexity of scenarios simulated using the Broadband Platform increases, we have added batching utilities to substantially improve support for running large-scale simulations on computing clusters.

Northridge SRC file, SoCal velocity structure, 5 stations within 40 km of fault (Epicentral distance is limited so that Green’s functions are computed for less time.) This fault has top of rupture at 5.0 km. Choose 5 stations that are distributed at various distances from fault and various azimuths (Figure 1).
1. Students will compute 3-component time histories, Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS), and response spectrum.
2. Plot the 3-components of ground motion at each site using the data.
3. At the same scale as part b, plot the 3-components of synthetic ground motion.
4. Compute the FAS for each component of the data and plot on log-log scale.
5. Compute the FAS for each component of the synthetic and plot on log-log scale.
6. Compare response spectrum from synthetic with that from GMPE (overlay two plots).
7. For students own homework, run a different realization of the kinematic model and compare with the results from parts c and d.
Northridge, but SRC file will have fault coming to the surface, SoCal velocity structure, 5 stations within 40 km of fault. The dip here should be same as that for Ex.1. However, this fault has top of rupture at 0.0 km. Students can see the difference of surface vs buried rupture.
1. Students to compute 3 component time histories, FAS, and response spectrum at the same 5 stations chosen in Exercise 1.
2. Compare response spectrum from synthetic with that from GMPE (overlay two plots).
3. Compare ground motions between surface rupture (Ex. 1) and buried rupture. Plot synthetics from this exercise (Ex. 2) and those from Ex. 1 on the same plot. Use SAC.
Strike slip, M 6.6, SoCal velocity structure, surface rupture, 5 stations. All stations are located 20 km from the fault. Hypocenter is random.
1. Compute 3-component time histories, FAS, and response spectrum for each station.
2. Compare response spectrum from synthetic with that from GMPE (overlay two plots).
3. If you have time, repeat parts a and b with a different realization.

Handout. Procedure for Executing on the Broadband Platform (PDF), SAC Instructions, and UCSB BB User Manual (PDF)

Back Projection Methods

Please refer to Peter Shearer's SCEC-ERI Back-projection Material, which includes:

Lecture (backprojection.pdf)
Complete notes (includes computer exercise instructions) (notes.pdf)
Data for computer exercise (tremor_data.txt)
Station locations for computer exercise (stations.xy.txt)
Python code to plot results of computer exercise (plotimage.py)
Test file for plotimage.py (out.backdata.txt)

Student Poster Presentations

Large-scale simulation of postseismic deformation using a high-fidelity viscoelastic finite element model, Ryoichiro Agata (ERI)
A Parametric Study on Synthetic Uniform Hazard Spectrum of Erzincan, Turkey, Aida Azari Sisi (METU), Aysegul Askan (METU) and Murat Altug Erberik (METU)
Utilization of simulated ground motions for engineering performance assessment of tall buildings, Nenad Bijelić (Stanford), Ting Lin (Marquette), Greg Deierlein (Stanford)
Observing wave propagation with ambient noise using a dense array in Long Beach, CA, Daniel Bowden (Caltech), Victor Tsai (Caltech), Fan-Chi Lin (Univ. Utah)
Dynamic earthquake rupture simulations on nonplanar faults embedded in 2D and 3D geometrically complex, heterogeneous Earth models, Sam Bydlon (Stanford), Kenneth Duru (Stanford), and Eric Dunham (Stanford)
Kinematic earthquake rupture inversion in the frequency domain, Wenyuan Fan (SIO/UCSD), Peter M. Shearer (SIO/UCSD) and Peter Gerstoft (SIO/UCSD)
Possible bias in ground motion and rupture simulations arising from forced nucleation locations that are inconsistent with heterogeneous stress conditions, Jacquelyn Gilchrist (UCR), James Dieterich (UCR), Keith *Richards-Dinger (UCR) and David Oglesby (UCR)
A comparative study of the seismo-tectonics in the San Gorgonio and Ventura Special Fault Study Areas, Thomas H.W. Goebel (Caltech), Egill Hauksson (Caltech), Andreas Plesch (Harvard), John H. Shaw (Harvard)
Study on Identification of the Physical Parameters of a Full-Scale Steel Structure Based on Observed Records, Naoki Hatakeyama (DPRI)
Systematic Search for Ambient Non-Volcanic Tremor in the San Jacinto Fault, Alexandra A. Hutchison (UCR) and Abhijit Ghosh (UCR)
Evaluation of the Southern California Velocity Models through Simulation and Validation of Multiple *Historical Events, Naeem Khoshnevis (CERI/U Memphis), Shima Azizzadehroodpish (CERI/U Memphis) and Ricardo Taborda (CERI/ U Memphis)
Focal Mechanism Dependence of Apparent Stress for Moderate and Large Earthquakes, Ryota Kiuchi (DPRI/Kyoto U) and Jim Mori (DPRI/Kyoto U)
A Filter Bank Approach to Earthquake Early Warning, Men-Andrin Meier (ETH Zurich), Tom Heaton (Caltech), John Clinton (ETH Zurich)
Operational earthquake forecasting in California: A prototype system combining UCERF3 and CyberShake, Kevin R. Milner (USC), Thomas H. Jordan (USC), and Edward H. Field (USGS Golden)
Seismic shaking scenarios in realistic 3D basin model of Po Plain (Northern Italy), Irene Molinari (INGV) and Andrea Morelli (INGV)
Behavior of high-frequency seismic radiation, revealed by hybrid back-projection method, Ryo Okuwaki, Yuji Yagi (U Tsukuba) and Shiro Hirano (U Tsukuba)
Postseismic deformation following the 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake: observations, kinematic inversions and endmember models, Christopher Rollins (Caltech), Sylvain Barbot (Earth Observatory of Singapore) and Jean-Philippe Avouac (Cambridge University)
Monitoring of microseismicity in Japan by applying the matched filter technique to Hi-net continuous records, Kaoru Sawazaki (NIED)
Stochastic descriptions of small-scale, near-surface velocity variations in the Los Angeles basin, Xin Song (USC), Thomas H. Jordan (USC), Andreas Plesch (Harvard) and John H. Shaw (Harvard)
Inversion for the physical parameters that control the source dynamics of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake, C. Twardzik (UCSB), R. Madariaga (ENS Paris), and S. Das (U of Oxford)
The site attenuation parameter in New Zealand and its variability, Chris Van Houtte (University of Auckland), Caroline Holden (GNS Science), Tam Larkin (University of Auckland) and Olga Ktenidou (ISTerre)
Long-Period Ground Motion Simulations for Subduction Earthquakes Using the Ambient Seismic Field, Loic Viens (ERI), Kazuki Koketsu (ERI), and Hiroe Miyake (ERI)
The M9 Project and probabalistic modeling of megathrust events in Cascadia: An Overview, Erin A. Wirth (U Washington)
High-Complexity Deterministic Q(f) Simulation of the 1994 Northridge Mw 6.7 Earthquake, Kyle B. Withers (SDSU/UCSD), Kim B. Olsen (SDSU), Zheqiang Shi (SDSU), and Steve Day (SDSU)
An improved method to calculate normal mode of a semi-closed bay or ocean basin, Yifei Wu (ERI) and Kenji Satake (ERI)
The spatial variation of tidal sensitivity of tectonic tremor, Suguru Yabe (EPS/U Tokyo), Satoshi Ide (EPS/U Tokyo), Yoshiyuki Tanaka (ERI/U Tokyo), Heidi Houston (UW)
A stress-field orientation in northwestern area of the Kanto plain, Japan, Tomoko E. Yano (NEID), Tetsuya Takeda (NEID), Katsuhiko Shiomi (NEID)
Rupture Characteristics of Large (Mw ≥ 7.0) Megathrust Earthquakes from 1990-2014, Lingling Ye (UCSC), Thorne Lay (UCSC) and Hiroo Kanamori (Caltech)

2014 VISES Summer School

Contents

Participants

Agenda

Computer Exercises

Software

3D Structural Velocity Modeling / USR Framework

SCEC Broadband Platform

Back Projection Methods

Student Poster Presentations

Further Reading

Full 3D Tomography

SDSU Broadband Ground Motion Generation Module

Back Projection Methods

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